Social Psychology Group Dynamics

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What is the primary reason behind the free-rider effect in groups?

Individuals believe their contributions are crucial.

Everyone has equal power in the group.

Groups are typically cohesive and motivated.

Members feel less accountable for the outcomes. (correct)

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to foster groupthink?

A varied opinion is encouraged throughout discussion.

Clear and open communication is established.

The group operates under intense pressure. (correct)

Group members feel comfortable expressing dissenting views.

What is one of the suggested prevention methods for groupthink?

Establishing a hierarchy of opinions.

Limiting discussion to avoid confusion.

Appointing a leader to enforce decisions.

Encouraging free expression of dissent. (correct)

What does the risky-shift effect imply about group decision-making?

Group decisions often carry higher risks compared to individual choices. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes deindividuation in a group context?

A loss of personal identity and diminished self-awareness. Signup and view all the answers

What does proximity refer to in social interactions?

The frequency of physical contact between individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not listed as a positive characteristic in friendships or romantic partnerships?

Malicious Signup and view all the answers

Research suggests what about the myth of playing hard to get in romantic situations?

It is generally ineffective in attracting partners. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is closely related to the mere exposure effect?

People prefer familiar things. Signup and view all the answers

What should ideally characterize the people we like, according to the content?

They should seem competent but not too perfect. Signup and view all the answers

What was Adolf Eichmann's role during the Holocaust?

Head of the Department of Jewish Affairs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key finding of the Milgram experiment regarding obedience?

Nearly 2/3 of participants followed instructions to deliver shocks Signup and view all the answers

According to the Milgram experiment, when was obedience higher?

When orders were perceived as justified for scientific purposes Signup and view all the answers

How did the proximity of authority affect obedience levels in the Milgram experiment?

Obedience was highest when authority was in the same room Signup and view all the answers

What common critique was mentioned about the Milgram experiment?

Not all participants received rigorous debriefings Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'The Banality of Evil' suggest about people like Eichmann?

They can be surprisingly normal and ordinary Signup and view all the answers

In the Milgram experiment, what was observed when participants were told to administer higher shocks?

Participants hesitated but eventually complied Signup and view all the answers

What did the Milgram experiment highlight about social influences on behavior?

Social influence can significantly alter behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with increasing obedience in the Milgram experiment?

A support group encouraging resistance Signup and view all the answers

What action did the guards take against the prisoners during the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Escalated harassment and humiliation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary factor that led to the cancellation of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Escalation of violence Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT indicated as contributing to aggression in individuals?

Positive reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What role does the MAOA gene play in aggression?

Regulates neurotransmitters related to aggression Signup and view all the answers

What cultural factor contributes to higher aggression rates in the Southern United States?

Culture of honor Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about crowding and aggression?

Crowding can sometimes reduce aggression Signup and view all the answers

How is the IAT viewed in terms of its predictive ability?

Better at predicting behavior than self-reports Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about aggression related to environmental factors?

Crowding consistently leads to more aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the door-in-the-face technique?

Refusing a larger request followed by agreeing to a smaller one. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does low-balling have on purchase decisions?

It leads to a commitment to buy despite a price increase. Signup and view all the answers

How do people commonly misjudge others' behaviors according to the fundamental attribution error?

They prioritize personality traits over situational factors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the actor-observer discrepancy highlight?

People view their own behaviors as being caused by situational factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is optimistic bias?

Thinking one's own risk of negative events is lower than others. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of stereotypes in social psychology?

They serve as cognitive schemas for organizing group information. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by situational attributions?

Referencing external, environmental influences on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'thin slices of behavior' refer to in nonverbal communication?

Quick judgments based on brief observations of behavior. Signup and view all the answers