Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one method to increase group cohesiveness?
What is one method to increase group cohesiveness?
- Increasing the size of the group
- Promoting competition among groups (correct)
- Implementing random selection for group membership
- Encouraging individualism within the group
What characterizes social loafing?
What characterizes social loafing?
- High levels of conformity in work behavior
- Withholding effort when parts of a task are done collectively (correct)
- Increased individual performance in a group setting
- The tendency to exert more effort in teamwork
When is it advisable to assign a task to an individual rather than a group?
When is it advisable to assign a task to an individual rather than a group?
- When the task is simple or routine (correct)
- When creative problem-solving is necessary
- When the task requires diverse skills
- When the task's components are interdependent
Which of the following is a potential result of high group cohesiveness?
Which of the following is a potential result of high group cohesiveness?
How can social loafing be counteracted in group settings?
How can social loafing be counteracted in group settings?
Why do people often join groups for social belonging?
Why do people often join groups for social belonging?
What key event occurs during the storming stage of group development?
What key event occurs during the storming stage of group development?
In which type of task does the group output depend on the weakest member's performance?
In which type of task does the group output depend on the weakest member's performance?
What is one consequence of having larger groups?
What is one consequence of having larger groups?
How does diversity impact group performance, particularly on complex tasks?
How does diversity impact group performance, particularly on complex tasks?
Which component of groups refers to informal expectations that guide behavior?
Which component of groups refers to informal expectations that guide behavior?
What term describes the group's output being the sum of individual efforts?
What term describes the group's output being the sum of individual efforts?
What is one of the key phases in the Punctuated Equilibrium Model?
What is one of the key phases in the Punctuated Equilibrium Model?
What aspect of group diversity can initially delay cohesion?
What aspect of group diversity can initially delay cohesion?
What can occur as a result of larger group sizes in terms of group dynamics?
What can occur as a result of larger group sizes in terms of group dynamics?
Which element is NOT considered a key component of groups?
Which element is NOT considered a key component of groups?
What is a critical phase in the Punctuated Equilibrium Model?
What is a critical phase in the Punctuated Equilibrium Model?
How does collective efficacy influence group performance?
How does collective efficacy influence group performance?
Flashcards
Performance Norms
Performance Norms
Norms related to how people are expected to behave at work, including attendance and task performance.
Collective Efficacy
Collective Efficacy
A group's belief in its ability to successfully complete a task. This belief boosts confidence and performance.
Social Loafing
Social Loafing
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group, compared to working alone.
Conformity
Conformity
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Group Cohesiveness
Group Cohesiveness
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Means-Oriented Group
Means-Oriented Group
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Ends-Oriented Group
Ends-Oriented Group
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Forming Stage
Forming Stage
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Storming Stage
Storming Stage
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Norming Stage
Norming Stage
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Performing Stage
Performing Stage
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Adjourning Stage
Adjourning Stage
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Punctuated Equilibrium Model
Punctuated Equilibrium Model
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Additive Tasks
Additive Tasks
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Conjunctive Tasks
Conjunctive Tasks
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Disjunctive Tasks
Disjunctive Tasks
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Study Notes
Group Dynamics and Decision-Making
- Reasons for Joining Groups:
- Means: Groups are tools to accomplish tasks.
- Ends: Groups offer social belonging, valued for themselves.
- Personal characteristics: Similarity or difference in traits can draw people to groups.
Group Development Models
- 5-Stage Model:
- Forming: Members get acquainted, clarifying purpose.
- Storming: Conflicts emerge as roles and responsibilities are defined.
- Norming: Norms are created, increasing cohesiveness.
- Performing: Group focuses on achieving the task.
- Adjourning: Group dissolves after objectives are met.
- Punctuated Equilibrium Model:
- Phase 1: Initial progress is slow, a framework is established.
- Midpoint transition: Renewed urgency realigns the group.
- Phase 2: Increased activity to complete the task.
Important Group Components
- Group Size: Impacts performance and satisfaction.
- Diversity: Surface-level (visible traits) and deep-level (values, attitudes) contribute to performance initially, though cohesion might be slower.
- Group Norms: Informal guidelines that impact behavior and interactions.
- Group Roles: Assigned (formal) or emergent (natural), affecting overall effectiveness.
- Group Tasks:
- Additive: Group output is sum of individual efforts (shoveling snow).
- Conjunctive: Group output depends on weakest member (assembly line).
- Disjunctive: Group output depends on the best member (solving a riddle).
Process Loss in Groups
- Larger groups experience process loss due to:
- Motivation loss: Social loafing.
- Coordination loss: Problems with organization and communication.
Group Diversity and Effectiveness
- Diverse groups: Can excel in complex, creative tasks, although initial cohesion might be slower.
- Surface vs. Deep Diversity: Visible and underlying differences affect performance.
Group Rules and Norms
- Norms:
- Dress norms: Appearance expectations.
- Reward allocation norms: Equity, equality, reciprocity, etc.
- Performance norms: Expected work behavior and absenteeism.
- Social interaction norms: Expectations regarding interactions outside work.
Group Cohesiveness
- Increasing Cohesiveness:
- Threats and competition.
- Shared success.
- Member diversity.
- Small group size.
- Difficult initiation.
- Effects of High Cohesiveness:
- Increased participation.
- Potential for conformity (groupthink).
- High productivity if norms align with organizational goals.
Collective Efficacy
- Definition: Belief in the group's ability to achieve its goals.
- Impact: High collective efficacy leads to better performance.
Group vs. Individual Tasks
- Group tasks are beneficial when:
- Tasks are complex and require diverse skills.
- Creativity and problem-solving are essential.
- Tasks are interdependent.
- Individual tasks are more appropriate when:
- Tasks are simple.
- Speed and efficiency are critical.
Social Loafing
- Definition: Reduced effort in groups.
- Types: "Free rider effect," "sucker effect."
- Countering social loafing:
- Making individual contributions visible.
- Increasing task interest.
- Providing thorough performance feedback.
- Rewarding group performance.
Conformity
- Aash Experiment: People conform to group decisions despite personal disagreements, influenced by group pressure and the desire for approval.
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