Social Psychology Fundamentals Quiz

<p>Understanding how social situations influence individual behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People overestimate the influence of individual traits and underestimate the power of the situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social psychology emphasizes the power of the situation, while personality psychology focuses on individual traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanations influence our own behavior and interactions with others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subjective interpretations of individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study exploring the impact of social media on body image (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting participant welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offering financial incentives to participate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong negative relationship (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Randomly assigning participants to groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent participants from guessing the true hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hindsight bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noise level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlational research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meta-analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate the influence of experimenter expectations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studying the impact of a new advertising campaign on consumer behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal validity concerns the extent to which the experiment is free from extraneous variables, while external validity concerns the extent to which the results can be applied to other settings and populations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between biological processes and social behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic human motives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-perception may become distorted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot determine causality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identical treatment of all participants across conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underestimating situational factors in understanding behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethnography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gestalt psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific theories about behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess relationships between two variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarity of psychological processes triggered to those in real life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To answer why people behave a certain way (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focuses on solving social issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological processes across different cultures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants agree with full awareness of the study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to bias and stereotyping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are mental shortcuts to help make judgments quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considering what could have happened in the past (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analytic thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judging based on recent experiences or examples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects how individuals interpret social information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encourages helping others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to overconfidence in judgments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonconscious and effortless judgments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expectations that influence behavior to confirm them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holistic thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counterfactual thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overconfidence barrier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They organize knowledge and influence memory retrieval. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embodied cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can express emotions and convey attitudes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primacy effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability heuristic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributing behavior to a person's traits or characteristics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current goals and recent experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gesture with a well-defined meaning in a culture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Properties without considering context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An expectation that influences behavior, confirming the initial belief. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facial expressions showing two emotions simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

The study of how individuals' thoughts and behaviors are influenced by others.

An individual's interpretation and understanding of the social world.

Social psychology focuses on situational influences; personality psychology focuses on individual traits.

The idea that social environments have a strong influence on individual behavior.

Social psychology focuses on individuals, while sociology studies groups and societies.

A common error where people attribute behavior mainly to personality, ignoring situational factors.

Research based on observed and measured phenomena to understand behavior.

The need to see oneself as good and competent, impacting perceptions.

Focuses on how people think about themselves and the world.

Overestimating personal traits and underestimating situational factors in behavior.

Researchers systematically observe and record behavior to generate hypotheses.

Measures the relationship between two or more variables without manipulation.

Research method to confirm causality by manipulating an independent variable.

Ensures that differences in outcomes are due to the independent variable only.

The extent to which findings can be generalized to other settings and people.

Creating a testable prediction based on theory or observation.

Research method for understanding a group from an outsider's perspective.

Examining existing documents and records to understand behaviors.

The extent to which experimental conditions mimic real-life psychological experiences.

Different approaches provide unique insights into social behavior.

Frameworks that help understand and address social issues and behaviors.

Signals like facial expressions and gestures that convey emotions without words.

The experience of feeling or emotion in psychology.

Displaying multiple emotions simultaneously, such as joy and surprise.

A schema where people associate certain traits with others, like kindness with generosity.

The process of explaining the causes of behavior, often distinguishing internal and external factors.

A type of thinking focusing on overall context and relationships among objects, common in Eastern cultures.

Mentally changing aspects of the past to imagine alternate outcomes.

The tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's judgment.

How people think about themselves and the social world, influencing judgments and decisions.

Nonconscious, unintentional, and effortless thinking process.

Mental structures that organize knowledge about the social world.

Recent experiences increase the accessibility of certain schemas or traits.

Expectation about another person that influences behavior, confirming the original expectation.

Mental shortcuts used to make quick decisions and judgments.

Judging based on how easily something comes to mind.

Classifying something based on its similarity to a prototype.

Focus on individual properties without context, typical in Western cultures.

Universal emotions expressed similarly across cultures, affected by display rules.

Schemas about which traits tend to co-occur in individuals, helping us understand others.

The process of determining the causes of others' behaviors, internal or external.

Research conducted to satisfy intellectual curiosity about behavior.

Research aimed at solving practical social problems.

Study of psychological processes across different cultures.

Agreement to participate in an experiment with full knowledge of its nature.

Misleading participants about the true purpose of a study.

Mental shortcuts used for quick, efficient judgment.

Information on the actual frequency of categories in the population.

Focusing on individual components rather than the context.

Imagining alternatives to past events to understand what might have been.

The study of how biological processes influence social behavior.

Procedures ensuring the welfare and rights of research participants.

The factor that researchers manipulate in an experiment.

The outcome measured in an experiment, influenced by the independent variable.

The process of assigning participants to different groups purely by chance.

Both the participants and experimenters do not know which group the participants are in.

When participants' expectations affect their experience or outcome.

A statistical method that combines results from multiple studies.

A numerical value that represents the relationship between two variables.

The tendency to see events as having been predictable after they have occurred.

The tendency to attribute our own actions to situational factors while attributing others' actions to their personality.

Making internal attributions for successes and external attributions for failures.

Explanations that protect self-esteem by attributing outcomes to external factors.

The assumption that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people.

The process by which we form impressions and make inferences about others.

Communicating without words using gestures, facial expressions, and other cues.

The study of how people interpret the causes of behavior, including theirs and others'.

Initially making an internal attribution, then considering external factors to adjust that attribution.

The focus of people's attention that tends to skew their perception of behavior.

Creating obstacles or excuses for oneself to maintain self-esteem if failure occurs.

The tendency to see others as more biased than oneself.

Nonverbal gestures with specific meanings in a culture, often translatable to words.

Culturally determined norms about which emotions are appropriate to express.