Social Learning: Observational Learning and Its Applications

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What is a potential consequence of children watching violent TV shows?

They become more likely to behave violently. (correct)
They become more likely to help others.
They become more likely to behave kindly.
They become more likely to stereotype others.

What is the term for the process of pulling a memory out of storage when it's not right in front of you?

Retention
Recognition
Relearning
Recall (correct)

What is the primary function of memory?

To learn new information
To relearn skills faster
To recognize faces in a crowd
To keep information handy for later (correct)

What is an example of observational learning?

A child imitating a violent behavior (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of media and cultural influences on children?

They adopt harmful stereotypes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for learning information or a skill faster the second time around?

Relearning (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aspect of spatial visualization?

Creating mental images of objects (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Gardner, how many types of intelligence are there?

At least eight (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of practical intelligence?

Everyday task-solving (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of emotional intelligence?

Understanding and managing emotions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence is a dancer likely to have?

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Terman study find about children with high IQ scores?

They tended to be healthier, more well-adjusted, and more successful academically. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of creative intelligence?

Coming up with new ideas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of intelligence is estimated to be attributed to genetics?

50 to 80 percent (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the idea that a significant part of intelligence can be attributed to genetics?

Heritability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how the environment can affect intelligence scores?

Adoption leading to higher intelligence scores. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between the intelligence scores of 'virtual twins'?

+.28 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can be a strong factor in intelligence scores in places with a wide variation in environment?

Environmental differences (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where people tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle ones?

Serial position effect (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of retrieval cues in memory?

To link memories together in a web of associations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the psychological effect where one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus without conscious guidance or intention?

Priming (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do people tend to remember information better when they are in the same environment where they learned it?

Due to context-dependent memory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle that suggests recall is most effective when the context at retrieval matches the context at encoding?

Encoding specificity principle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where hearing a word or phrase can unconsciously influence the way we think or behave?

Priming (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of drive-reduction theory?

To explain how we satisfy our biological needs and achieve homeostasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an incentive in motivation?

To provide an external stimulus that motivates behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the result of too little arousal?

Sluggish behavior (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic idea behind the arousal theory of motivation?

We are driven to maintain an optimal level of arousal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

It categorizes human needs into a hierarchical structure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a drive and an incentive in motivation?

A drive is internal, while an incentive is external (B) Signup and view all the answers