Social Influence and Group Processes

<p>To observe decision-making in groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artistic preferences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Favoritism towards ingroup members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of code numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are believed to share similar traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Team members are mutually accountable for their activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In groups, performance is dependent on individual contributions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of roles and norms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An audience watching a concert. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In groups, a designated leader holds responsibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collective effort enhances overall performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They specify expected behaviors in the group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teams have structured interactions and roles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Norming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The group disbands after achieving its goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systematically and sequentially from one stage to the next. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roles are the expected behaviors and expectations in a social context. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may disband or enter the adjourning stage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict among members regarding leadership and tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of norms for group behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceptance of group structure and movement towards goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common motives or goals among members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces their existing beliefs and feelings of being right. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishment of friendships and validation of opinions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the formation of the group to gather support and resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups tend to make irrational and uncritical decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unspoken rules established by group members. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to regularities in task distribution and responsibilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes an exaggerated sense of group power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To respect elders and be responsible towards their studies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overlooked risks and potential dangers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Loafing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fear of jeopardizing group cohesion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Making individual contributions identifiable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cohesive belief that all members share the same opinions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hear new arguments supporting their viewpoints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participating in a tug-of-war (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demonstrate higher motivation to work hard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groupthink (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foster a sense of common purpose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the task is perceived to be less important (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gathering of individuals who interact with one another, either directly or indirectly.

A collection of individuals whose interactions are structured by a set of roles and norms. Members adhere to these rules and perform the same functions each time the group meets.

These tell us how to behave within a group and specify expected behaviors from group members.

A gathering of individuals who happen to be in the same place at the same time, with no interdependence.

A type of group where members have complementary skills and are committed to a shared goal. They are mutually accountable for their activities.

The positive outcome achieved when members of a team coordinate their efforts effectively.

In groups, performance is dependent on individual member contributions. In teams, both individual and group efforts matter.

In groups, the leader holds responsibility. In teams, members hold themselves accountable.

The initial phase of group development when individuals come together, share information, and get to know each other.

A stage characterized by conflicts and disagreements among group members about roles, leadership, and the group's objectives.

Group members establish norms and expectations for behavior, creating a sense of unity and shared identity.

The stage where the group is fully functional and focused on achieving its goals, with a clear structure and shared understanding.

The tendency for individuals to be drawn to others who share similar opinions and values, reinforcing their own beliefs.

A shared purpose or objective that motivates individuals to join and work together in a group.

The feeling of belonging and identification with a group, fostered by shared experiences and values.

A social group with which a person does not identify.

The tendency to favor one's own group and perceive them as superior.

The tendency to view members of an outgroup as similar to one another and less diverse than members of the ingroup.

A research method used to study intergroup behavior.

The creation of groups based on minimal or arbitrary criteria.

Participants in this experiment were shown paintings by two artists. They were then asked to distribute money between themselves and others, based on their group affiliation.

The finding that even when groups are based on minimal criteria, people favor their own group.

This applies to groups with a limited lifespan; it marks the group's disbandment after completing its tasks.

A set of expectations about how people should act in a specific context. They guide behavior within a group.

The typical behavior exhibited by an individual in specific social situations.

Factors like roles, communication norms, and shared goals that influence group dynamics.

A process where groups prioritize unanimity over rational decision-making, leading to irrational choices.

Group members may not express dissenting opinions to avoid social discomfort or appearing non-conforming.

Groupthink can result in a false sense of invulnerability, ignoring potential risks and hazards.

Regular patterns in task distribution, assigned responsibilities, and member status within a group.

Expectations of behavior and beliefs shared and enforced by group members. These are often unsaid rules.

Roles are sets of expected behaviors associated with a particular position within a group. They specify how individuals are expected to act.

Groups may progress through stages of development: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Not all groups experience these stages in a linear manner.

Group members may cycle back through stages, skip stages, or experience multiple stages simultaneously.

Individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to working alone. This happens because individual contributions are often less noticeable and personal accountability decreases.

Making individual contributions identifiable, increasing pressure for success, emphasizing task importance, and fostering group cohesiveness.

When group discussions lead to more extreme opinions in the same direction as the initial tendency of the group.

Group members may hear new arguments supporting their existing viewpoints, feel social pressure to conform to the group's dominant opinion, and become more confident in their views due to shared agreement.

Lack of critical evaluation, illusion of invulnerability (overconfidence), pressure to conform, and self-censorship (suppressing dissenting opinions).

Encourage diverse perspectives, assign a 'devil's advocate' to challenge assumptions, and break into smaller groups to discuss different viewpoints.

Groupthink can lead to poor decision-making, as it stifles creativity and critical analysis. Recognizing and addressing groupthink symptoms is crucial to ensuring sound and effective decision-making.