Social Influence and Conformity Studies
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Social Influence and Conformity Studies

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason people conform according to normative social influence?

  • The need for information
  • The need for independence
  • The need to be liked (correct)
  • The need to be right

    • According to Asch's study, 25% of participants did not conform at all.

    True

    What factors can influence a person's likelihood to conform?

    Public vs. private beliefs, group size, group cohesiveness, social support

    ___ is a bias where individuals attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

    <p>Self-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the social influence behavior with its description:

    <p>Normative Influence = Conforming to be accepted Informative Influence = Conforming to be correct Actor-Observer Bias = Attributing others' behavior to their personality Fundamental Attribution Error = Attributing one's own behavior to external situational factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants conformed to the majority all of the time in Asch’s study?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The larger the group size, the less likely people are to conform.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one reason why people may choose not to conform even in a group setting.

    <p>Social support from others who dissent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Milgram's Obedience Experiments?

    <p>Obedience to authority figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Milgram's study, no shocks were actually administered to the participants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What four factors contribute to a person's obedience according to Milgram's findings?

    <p>Emotional distance of the victim, closeness and legitimacy of the authority, institutional authority, liberating effects of group influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The technique that involves making a large request followed by a smaller request is called the ______ technique.

    <p>door-in-the-face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bias with their descriptions:

    <p>Fundamental Attribution Error = Tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors Self-serving Bias = Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors Actor-observer Bias = The tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes while attributing others' actions to their character Attribution Theory = The study of how people infer the causes of their own and others' behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT one of the four determining factors of obedience identified by Milgram?

    <p>Presence of dissenting peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deindividuation can lead to more rational behavior in a group setting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the ‘foot-in-the-door’ technique in persuasion?

    <p>It involves starting with a small request to gain eventual compliance with a larger request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actor-observer bias?

    <p>Attributing others' behavior to dispositional factors and your own to situational influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute our successes to external factors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do social norms influence in terms of behavior?

    <p>Social norms influence widely accepted expectations concerning social behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tendency to explain our own failures with external factors is called __________.

    <p>self-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Attribution Theory = The process of explaining the causes of behavior Fundamental Attribution Error = Overemphasizing internal factors in others' behavior Compliance = Changing behavior in response to a direct request Conformity = Adapting behavior to fit in with a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key example of social influence?

    <p>Changing an opinion after a discussion with friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conformity occurs when individuals make decisions independently, disregarding social norms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define what is meant by social influence.

    <p>Social influence is the process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Norms Dare

    • Breaking a social norm at a concert was an experiment in social influence
    • The participant stood facing away from the stage and observed the reactions of other people in the audience
    • The participant observed that other people were confused and distraught at the participant's actions, which made them feel uneasy

    Asch's Conformity Study

    • Involved comparing the lengths of lines, with participants asked to identify the matching line in the presence of others
    • Results showed that participants conformed to the majority opinion even when it was objectively wrong
    • The study demonstrated the influence of conformity on individual judgments
    • 5% conformed to the majority all the time, while 70% conformed to incorrect responses some of the time
    • 25% of participants did not conform at all

    Factors Influencing Conformity

    • Public vs. private beliefs: Participants often verbally conformed but wrote down the correct answer privately
    • Group size: Conformity is less likely with smaller groups (2-3 people)
    • Group cohesiveness: Conformity is higher in united groups than split groups
    • Social support: Conformity decreases if even one other person dissents

    Obedience to Authority

    • Milgram's Obedience Experiments: Demonstrated the power of obedience to authority figures
    • Experiments involved the use of electric shocks, where participants were instructed to administer shocks to a learner who made errors
    • Most participants complied with the demands of the authority, even when it meant inflicting potential harm on the learner
    • Factors contributing to obedience: Emotional distance of the victim, closeness and legitimacy of the authority figure, institutional authority, and group influence

    Attributional Biases:

    • Actor-Observer Bias: When explaining others' behaviors, we tend to attribute them to dispositional factors (personality), while explaining our own behavior due to situational influences (external factors)
    • Self-Serving Bias: We take credit for our successes (internal factors) and blame external factors for failures

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating dynamics of social norms and conformity through the lens of classic experiments like Asch's Conformity Study. This quiz examines how individual judgments can be swayed by group opinions and the impact of public versus private beliefs. Test your knowledge on the factors that influence conformity in social settings.

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