37 Questions
What is the main difference between normative influence and informational influence?
Normative influence is driven by the desire for social acceptance, while informational influence is driven by the need for guidance in uncertain situations.
What is the motivation behind normative influence?
Seeking harmony and approval, regardless of the opinion being right or wrong.
In which situations does informational influence occur?
Situations where individuals lack knowledge or are uncertain about the correct course of action.
What drives conformity in normative influence?
Desire for social acceptance and conformity to group norms.
What is the key difference in the motivation behind normative and informational influence?
Normative influence seeks harmony and approval, while informational influence seeks validity and truth.
What is the result of compliance in normative influence?
Superficial, public, and transitory change in behavior and expressed attitudes in response to requests or group pressure.
What does informational influence rely on to guide behavior?
Evidence about reality provided by other people.
What is the main difference between majority and minority influence?
Majority influence leads to public compliance, while minority influence leads to private opinion change
What is the Convergent-Divergent theory related to?
Influence of majority or minority
What does the Hypothesis of Direction-of-attention suggest about minority influence?
It causes people to focus on the minority message itself, leading to detailed evaluation of arguments
What is attribution in the context of social psychology?
The process of assigning a cause to our own behavior and others
What does social impact refer to in social psychology?
The effect that other people have on our attitude and behavior
What is the main outcome of majority-induced stress on message processing?
Restricts message processing
How does minority-induced stress affect message processing?
Leads to detailed evaluation of arguments
What is the primary focus of majority influence according to the Hypothesis of Direction-of-attention?
Relationship to the majority
What is the main outcome of minority influence on publicly expressed attitudes?
Conformity to majority views
What does diffusion of responsibility refer to?
Individuals feeling less accountable for their actions in a group setting
What is the bystander effect?
Individuals being less likely to intervene in the presence of others in situations of harm or violence
What is the conversion effect in the context of minority influence?
A sudden internal change in the attitude of the majority due to minority influence
What is effective minority influence characterized by?
Consistency, disrupting the majority norm, conveying alternative coherent points, and demonstrating certainty and unshakeable commitment
What did the 'Blue-green' studies demonstrate?
The consistency minority was more influential than the inconsistent minority
What is administrative violence?
Acts of harm or oppression carried out by authorities or institutions in positions of power
What does conformity involve?
Individuals conforming to behaviors of those in power to avoid social rejection or punishment
In Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment, what was the purpose of the manipulation by the confederates?
To observe the effect of social influence on the participant's judgments
What was the main focus of Asch's Line Judgment Experiment?
Investigating conformity to a majority opinion, even when it's clearly incorrect
What was the purpose of the Milgram Experiment?
To investigate obedience to authority and the willingness to harm others
What factor influences obedience in the Milgram Experiment?
Immediacy of the victim
What did Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment demonstrate about social influence?
It highlighted the power of social influence in shaping individual behavior and perception
What did Asch's Line Judgment Experiment demonstrate about group behavior?
It demonstrated the powerful influence of social pressure and the tendency to conform to group norms
What was the main purpose of Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment?
To examine how individuals' judgments and perceptions can be influenced by the presence of others in ambiguous or uncertain situations
In Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment, what did Experiment 2 with paired individuals reveal?
The development of a group norm through interaction over trials
What did Asch's Line Judgment Experiment aim to investigate?
Normative social influence through conformity to majority opinion
What did the Milgram Experiment investigate?
Obedience to authority and willingness to inflict harm under instructions
What did Stage 1 of Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment involve?
Forming pairs with high and low norms
What did individual estimates not exchange in Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment, suggesting informational influence in group norms development?
Movement interpretation
What influenced obedience in the Milgram Experiment?
The victim's immediacy and the anonymity, unanimity, task difficulty, and expertise of participants
What did Experiment 1 in Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment with single individuals show?
Personal norm development and adherence in light movement interpretation
Study Notes
Social Influence and Conformity
- Administrative violence refers to acts of harm or oppression carried out by authorities or institutions in positions of power.
- Conformity involves individuals conforming to behaviors of those in power to avoid social rejection or punishment, creating a reinforcing cycle of violence within administrative systems.
- Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals feel less accountable for their actions in a group setting, making it easier for them to ignore or participate in acts of violence.
- The bystander effect refers to individuals being less likely to intervene in situations of harm or violence when others are present, leading to a lack of action in oppressive situations.
- Minority influence involves numerical or power minorities changing the attitudes of the majority, with both groups influencing each other's beliefs or behaviors over time.
- Symmetric influence assumes that both majority and minority groups mutually influence each other's attitudes and opinions, leading to a convergence or modification of beliefs and attitudes for both groups.
- The two-process model involves the conversion process, where members of the majority group reevaluate their beliefs in response to the minority's viewpoint, potentially leading to a shift in attitudes.
- Effective minority influence involves consistency, disrupting the majority norm, conveying alternative coherent points, and demonstrating certainty and unshakeable commitment.
- The conversion effect occurs when minority influence brings about a sudden internal change in the attitude of the majority, leading to a member of the majority processing the minority’s messages differently.
- Experiment 'Blue-green' studies showed that the consistency minority was more influential than the inconsistent minority.
- Conversion effect refers to a sudden internal change in the attitude of the majority due to minority influence.
- Key terms include social comparison, immediate public compliance, delayed private rejection, and the 'Blue-green' studies as an experiment.
Social Influence Experiments: Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment, Asch's Line Judgment Experiment, and Milgram Experiment
- Sherif's Autokinetic Experiment examines social influence on judgments and perceptions in ambiguous situations
- Participants in the experiment stare at a point of light and report its movement, influenced by confederates' exaggerated estimates
- Experiment 1 with single individuals showed personal norm development and adherence in light movement interpretation
- Experiment 2 with paired individuals revealed the development of a group norm through interaction over trials
- Stage 1 of the experiment formed pairs with high and low norms, while Stage 2 predicted reactions based on informational or normative influence
- Individual estimates did not exchange, suggesting informational influence in group norms development
- Asch's Line Judgment Experiment aimed to investigate normative social influence through conformity to majority opinion
- Participants conformed to the majority opinion at least once, demonstrating the powerful influence of social pressure
- Milgram Experiment investigated obedience to authority and willingness to inflict harm under instructions
- A significant portion of participants were willing to administer increasingly severe electric shocks to the learner, even when they expressed distress
- Factors influencing obedience included the victim's immediacy and the anonymity, unanimity, task difficulty, and expertise of participants
- Individual and group characteristics, such as familiarity and expertise, influence conformity and obedience
Test your knowledge on social influence and conformity with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as administrative violence, conformity, diffusion of responsibility, bystander effect, minority influence, and the two-process model. Assess your understanding of effective minority influence and the conversion effect, and learn about the 'Blue-green' studies experiment.
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