Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of conformity is demonstrated by Jan?
What type of conformity is demonstrated by Jan?
- Compliance
- Obedience
- Internalisation (correct)
- Identification
Which reason best explains why Norah conformed to her friends' behavior?
Which reason best explains why Norah conformed to her friends' behavior?
- Desire to be correct
- Solely to impress her friends
- Personal belief in organic food
- Desire for group approval (correct)
What does normative influence typically lead to?
What does normative influence typically lead to?
- Temporary change in behavior (correct)
- Increased knowledge about norms
- Deep-seated change in behavior
- Permanent attitude transformation
Which of the following situations illustrates informational influence?
Which of the following situations illustrates informational influence?
Asch's Line Study is related to which type of conformity?
Asch's Line Study is related to which type of conformity?
What best describes internalisation?
What best describes internalisation?
What was the primary focus of Jenness' Bean Jar Experiment?
What was the primary focus of Jenness' Bean Jar Experiment?
In Asch's Line Experiment, how many confederates were typically in each group?
In Asch's Line Experiment, how many confederates were typically in each group?
What is a likely outcome for someone who conforms out of normative influence?
What is a likely outcome for someone who conforms out of normative influence?
What percentage of the time did real participants conform in Asch's Line Experiment during critical trials?
What percentage of the time did real participants conform in Asch's Line Experiment during critical trials?
What type of social influence did Jenness’ Bean Jar Experiment likely exemplify?
What type of social influence did Jenness’ Bean Jar Experiment likely exemplify?
What is a noted limitation of Asch's Line Experiment regarding sampling?
What is a noted limitation of Asch's Line Experiment regarding sampling?
A key ethical issue in Asch's study was related to which of the following?
A key ethical issue in Asch's study was related to which of the following?
What aspect of ecological validity was criticized in Asch's Line Experiment?
What aspect of ecological validity was criticized in Asch's Line Experiment?
What was one outcome of Asch's study regarding participants' experiences?
What was one outcome of Asch's study regarding participants' experiences?
What does 'Normative influence' refer to in the context of conformity?
What does 'Normative influence' refer to in the context of conformity?
What was the effect of increasing the number of confederates in Asch's study?
What was the effect of increasing the number of confederates in Asch's study?
How does group unanimity affect conformity?
How does group unanimity affect conformity?
What happens to conformity when tasks become more difficult?
What happens to conformity when tasks become more difficult?
What effect does answering in private have on conformity?
What effect does answering in private have on conformity?
What is meant by 'identification' in the context of social roles?
What is meant by 'identification' in the context of social roles?
What is considered the optimal group size for conformity according to Asch's studies?
What is considered the optimal group size for conformity according to Asch's studies?
Why might people suspect collusion in a group?
Why might people suspect collusion in a group?
What was the purpose of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What was the purpose of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What did the guards wear in the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What did the guards wear in the Stanford Prison Experiment?
How did the behavior of the guards change during the experiment?
How did the behavior of the guards change during the experiment?
What was a common behavior exhibited by the prisoners during the experiment?
What was a common behavior exhibited by the prisoners during the experiment?
What limitation was noted regarding the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What limitation was noted regarding the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
How did the prisoners begin to perceive the prison rules?
How did the prisoners begin to perceive the prison rules?
What impact did the Stanford Prison Experiment have on the U.S. prison system?
What impact did the Stanford Prison Experiment have on the U.S. prison system?
What role did Zimbardo play during the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What role did Zimbardo play during the Stanford Prison Experiment?
What was one of the ethical criticisms of the study mentioned?
What was one of the ethical criticisms of the study mentioned?
What was the highest voltage that participants in Milgram's study were instructed to administer?
What was the highest voltage that participants in Milgram's study were instructed to administer?
What role did Mr. Williams play in Milgram's Shock Study?
What role did Mr. Williams play in Milgram's Shock Study?
How did Milgram measure the impact of changes in the situation on obedience?
How did Milgram measure the impact of changes in the situation on obedience?
Why are juveniles accused of federal crimes no longer housed with adult prisoners?
Why are juveniles accused of federal crimes no longer housed with adult prisoners?
What percentage of participants were willing to administer the maximum shock level of 450 volts?
What percentage of participants were willing to administer the maximum shock level of 450 volts?
What was one outcome of the harmful treatment observed in Milgram's study?
What was one outcome of the harmful treatment observed in Milgram's study?
What was the primary aim of Milgram's Shock Study?
What was the primary aim of Milgram's Shock Study?
What was the percentage of obedience when the experimenter instructed the teacher by telephone from another room?
What was the percentage of obedience when the experimenter instructed the teacher by telephone from another room?
What limitation is cited regarding the ecological validity of Milgram's study?
What limitation is cited regarding the ecological validity of Milgram's study?
What type of participants were exclusively used in Milgram's study?
What type of participants were exclusively used in Milgram's study?
What ethical issue did Milgram's study face concerning deception?
What ethical issue did Milgram's study face concerning deception?
What was one observable sign of stress among participants during the experiment?
What was one observable sign of stress among participants during the experiment?
What percentage of participants reported being glad to have participated in Milgram's study?
What percentage of participants reported being glad to have participated in Milgram's study?
What was a key strength of Milgram's study?
What was a key strength of Milgram's study?
How did Milgram justify the potential psychological harm caused to participants during the study?
How did Milgram justify the potential psychological harm caused to participants during the study?
Flashcards
Internalisation
Internalisation
A type of conformity where a person genuinely changes their beliefs and attitudes to match those of the group.
Compliance
Compliance
A type of conformity where a person changes their behaviour only to fit in with the group but does not privately change their beliefs.
Normative Influence
Normative Influence
Conformity based on the desire to be liked and accepted by the group.
Informational Influence
Informational Influence
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Zimbardo's Prison Study
Zimbardo's Prison Study
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Asch's Line Study
Asch's Line Study
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Jan's Conformity
Jan's Conformity
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Norah's Conformity
Norah's Conformity
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Jenness' Bean Jar experiment
Jenness' Bean Jar experiment
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Conformity
Conformity
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Asch's Line Experiment
Asch's Line Experiment
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Informational Social Influence
Informational Social Influence
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Confederates
Confederates
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Ecological Validity
Ecological Validity
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Sampling Issues
Sampling Issues
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Ethical Issues
Ethical Issues
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Group Size (Conformity)
Group Size (Conformity)
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Group Unanimity
Group Unanimity
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Task Difficulty (Conformity)
Task Difficulty (Conformity)
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Answering in Private (Conformity)
Answering in Private (Conformity)
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Social Roles
Social Roles
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Identification (Social Roles)
Identification (Social Roles)
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Stanford Prison Experiment
Stanford Prison Experiment
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Mock Prison Setting
Mock Prison Setting
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Role Assignment
Role Assignment
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Guard Uniform
Guard Uniform
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Prisoner Uniform
Prisoner Uniform
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Guard Behavior
Guard Behavior
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Obedience
Obedience
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Milgram's Shock Study
Milgram's Shock Study
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Prisoner Behavior
Prisoner Behavior
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Demand Characteristics
Demand Characteristics
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Milgram's Study Procedure
Milgram's Study Procedure
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Experimenter's Prods
Experimenter's Prods
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Milgram's Study Results
Milgram's Study Results
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Milgram's Variations
Milgram's Variations
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Ethical Guidelines
Ethical Guidelines
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Ethics Committees
Ethics Committees
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Sample Bias
Sample Bias
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Standardized Procedure
Standardized Procedure
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Deception
Deception
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Protection of Participants
Protection of Participants
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Short-Term Effects
Short-Term Effects
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Milgram's Obedience Study
Milgram's Obedience Study
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Debriefing
Debriefing
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Study Notes
Social Influence
- Social influence is a change in belief or behavior in response to real or imagined pressure.
- Types of conformity include internalization, identification, and compliance.
- Internalization involves a private and public change in behavior.
- Identification involves conforming to a role or group while personally disagreeing.
- Compliance involves conforming publicly but not privately.
Explanations of Conformity
- Normative social influence is conforming to fit in, avoid disapproval, or gain approval, often resulting in temporary compliance.
- Informational social influence is conforming when uncertain about a situation or lacking knowledge, often resulting in internalization.
Asch's Line Study
- Asch investigated conformity using a line judgment task.
- Participants conformed to incorrect majority answers in about 37% of trials.
- Evaluating factors include:
- Group size: Conformity increased with larger groups but leveled off
- Unanimity: one person disagreeing reduced conformity.
- Difficulty of task: greater similarity in length of lines increased conformity.
Factors Affecting Conformity
- Group size significantly affects conformity with larger groups leading to higher levels, but up to a certain point.
- Group unanimity is that participants conform more when all are in agreement with majorities, whereas dissidents help decrease conformity.
- Task difficulty affects conformity; when task difficulty increased, conformity levels increased.
- Answer in private decreases conformity. If others don't know the participant's response, the pressure to conform decreases.
Conformity to Social Roles
- Social roles are expected behaviours for a social group.
- Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment investigated conformity to social roles.
- Participants quickly adopted their assigned prisoner or guard roles, resulting in extreme behaviours.
- Evaluation of this study includes issues with demand characteristics, lack of full informed consent, and potential psychological harm.
Obedience
- Obedience is following an explicit order from an authority figure.
- Milgram's Shock Study investigated obedience to authority.
- Participants administered shocks at increasing levels to a confederate learner based on the experimenters' orders in lab experiments.
- Key factors in the experiment included:
- Experimenter's status: High status experimenter increased obedience, low status decreases obedience
- The proximity of experimenter: Proximity to experimenter increased obedience. The opposite decreased obedience.
- Location: The prestige environment increases obedience. Opposite decreases obedience.
Explanations for Obedience
- Agentic state: Participants shift responsibility from themselves to the experimenter.
- Legitimacy of authority: Respecting authority figure's status.
- Dispositional Factors: Personality (authoritarian personality, high need for social control), factors that explain obedience.
- Evaluation of Milgram's study includes ethical issues (deception, lack of informed consent) and questions of external validity.
Resistance to Social Influence
- Independent behaviour: resisting social pressure.
- Social Support: Presence of someone else who resists leads to lower levels of conformity or obedience
- Locus of Control: Internal Locus of Control shows higher levels of resisting social pressure and lower levels of conformity and obedience.
Minority Influence
- Minority influence occurs when a small group influences the majority to change their beliefs or behaviours.
- Crucial factors for minority influence include:
- Consistency: Consistent viewpoint is crucial
- Commitment: Demonstrating dedication to viewpoint is essential
- Flexibility: Minor adjustments to viewpoints to show compromise, while staying consistent
Moscovici's study
- In Moscovici's study Participants responded to green slides as green.
- The consistent minority had more of an impact on the majority.
- Incompetent confederates had low impact.
Social Change
- Social change involves a shift in societal norms or beliefs.
- Minority influence plays a role in social change, although it is a slow process.
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Description
Explore the concepts of social influence and conformity in this quiz. You'll delve into types of conformity, the distinctions between internalization, identification, and compliance, and Asch's famous line study. Test your understanding of how societal pressures can shape beliefs and behaviors.
