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Questions and Answers
According to Ann Oakley, how are children socialised into gender roles?
According to Ann Oakley, how are children socialised into gender roles?
- By manipulation, canalisation, and verbal appellation only
- By manipulation, canalisation, and different activities only
- By manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellation, and different activities (correct)
- By manipulation, verbal appellation, and different activities only
What is an example of 'verbal appellation' as mentioned by Ann Oakley?
What is an example of 'verbal appellation' as mentioned by Ann Oakley?
- Channelling children's time and attention onto different activities
- Stressing the importance of appearance for girls and of being brave or strong for boys
- Dressing girls in different clothes than boys
- Telling a girl she is pretty reinforces the idea that attractiveness in females is important (correct)
According to Ann Oakley, what are the three main forms of feminine identity in contemporary societies?
According to Ann Oakley, what are the three main forms of feminine identity in contemporary societies?
- Contingent femininities, normalised identities, and independent femininities (correct)
- Contingent femininities, normalised identities, and independent identities
- Contingent femininities, autonomous identities, and dependent femininities
- Contingent femininities, autonomous identities, and normalised identities
What does 'normalised identities,' as per Ann Oakley's perspective, involve for women in contemporary societies?
What does 'normalised identities,' as per Ann Oakley's perspective, involve for women in contemporary societies?
In Western cultures, how is age typically determined?
In Western cultures, how is age typically determined?
What is a common practice in the initiation into adulthood in traditional societies?
What is a common practice in the initiation into adulthood in traditional societies?
How are ethnic identities maintained?
How are ethnic identities maintained?
What may happen to older people in industrial societies?
What may happen to older people in industrial societies?
What do minority ethnic identities sometimes face from majority ethnicities?
What do minority ethnic identities sometimes face from majority ethnicities?
What does the text suggest about age in African societies?
What does the text suggest about age in African societies?
What is emphasized in industrial societies in terms of age?
What is emphasized in industrial societies in terms of age?
How are ethnic identities defined in relation to other ethnic groups?
How are ethnic identities defined in relation to other ethnic groups?
What is a common feature of initiation into adulthood in traditional societies?
What is a common feature of initiation into adulthood in traditional societies?
What do industrial societies place great emphasis on in terms of age?
What do industrial societies place great emphasis on in terms of age?
How are minority ethnic identities sometimes portrayed by majority ethnicities?
How are minority ethnic identities sometimes portrayed by majority ethnicities?
How are ethnic identities maintained?
How are ethnic identities maintained?
According to Hood-Williams (1990), which of the following is NOT a type of adult control over children?
According to Hood-Williams (1990), which of the following is NOT a type of adult control over children?
According to Neil Postman (1994), what impact did advancements in technology have on childhood innocence?
According to Neil Postman (1994), what impact did advancements in technology have on childhood innocence?
What drove the emergence of the concept of the teenager in the second half of the 20th century?
What drove the emergence of the concept of the teenager in the second half of the 20th century?
According to functionalists like Eisenstadt, the teenage years are challenging due to which factor?
According to functionalists like Eisenstadt, the teenage years are challenging due to which factor?
What do youth subcultures mark, according to the text?
What do youth subcultures mark, according to the text?
What is challenging traditional theories of identity according to the text?
What is challenging traditional theories of identity according to the text?
What has led to the importation of diverse experiences, behaviors, and ideas according to the text?
What has led to the importation of diverse experiences, behaviors, and ideas according to the text?
What are the reasons for the changes in theories of identity according to the text?
What are the reasons for the changes in theories of identity according to the text?
In traditional societies, how is children's freedom within certain boundaries compared to Western societies?
In traditional societies, how is children's freedom within certain boundaries compared to Western societies?
What do adults control in terms of children according to Hood-Williams (1990)?
What do adults control in terms of children according to Hood-Williams (1990)?
How did Neil Postman (1994) view advancements in technology with regard to childhood innocence?
How did Neil Postman (1994) view advancements in technology with regard to childhood innocence?
What factor does Neil Postman (1994) attribute to the exposure of children to the adult world at an earlier age?
What factor does Neil Postman (1994) attribute to the exposure of children to the adult world at an earlier age?
What do assertive identities represent according to the text?
What do assertive identities represent according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of assertive identity mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of assertive identity mentioned in the text?
What do "girl power" identities emphasize according to the text?
What do "girl power" identities emphasize according to the text?
How do modernized femininities locate female economic and cultural power according to the text?
How do modernized femininities locate female economic and cultural power according to the text?
What do autonomous femininities involve according to the text?
What do autonomous femininities involve according to the text?
What defines ethnic identities according to the text?
What defines ethnic identities according to the text?
How can ethnic identity be negotiated according to the text?
How can ethnic identity be negotiated according to the text?
What is one way ethnic identities can be defined according to the text?
What is one way ethnic identities can be defined according to the text?
"Minority ethnic identities can be portrayed as a threat culturally and physically, leading to discrimination" - What does this statement imply according to the text?
"Minority ethnic identities can be portrayed as a threat culturally and physically, leading to discrimination" - What does this statement imply according to the text?
In the context of the text, what does an age cohort refer to?
In the context of the text, what does an age cohort refer to?
How is the concept of old age now divided?
How is the concept of old age now divided?
Who is Philippe Aries, as mentioned in the text?
Who is Philippe Aries, as mentioned in the text?
What role do grandparents play in modern industrial societies, according to the text?
What role do grandparents play in modern industrial societies, according to the text?
In the context of the text, what does childhood represent?
In the context of the text, what does childhood represent?
How are children viewed in relation to adults, based on the text?
How are children viewed in relation to adults, based on the text?
What contribution do older people make to society, as mentioned in the text?
What contribution do older people make to society, as mentioned in the text?
What led to the creation of a distinct world of childhood, according to the text?
What led to the creation of a distinct world of childhood, according to the text?
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Study Notes
- An age cohort refers to a group of people sharing a common experience of growing up at the same historical point, regardless of gender or ethnicity.
- Older people are often respected and admired for their experience and wisdom in many societies.
- The Elders is a group of elder individuals offering collective wisdom to help solve global issues and inspire younger generations.
- The concept of old age now covers a wide age range, subdivided into young elderly (65-74), old elderly (75-84), and very elderly (85 and over).
- Grandparents play an increasingly active role in family life in modern industrial societies, contributing financially, caring for grandchildren, and preserving cultural traditions.
- Children's identity is defined in relation to adults and childhood is a social construction that has dramatically changed over the past 500 years.
- Philippe Aries argues that childhood in the modern sense did not exist in the Middle Ages as children were not seen as different from adults.
- The growth of formal education and the invention of the printing press led to the creation of a distinct world of childhood and the assumption that children are not yet fully developed beings.
- Adults have authority over children and children are largely dependent on adults, obeying their commands and potentially facing physical punishment if they disobey.
- Children are subject to various forms of adult control, including education, healthcare, and psychology professions based on the assumption of their vulnerability and need for guidance.
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