Social Experience in Criminology

Masculinity Hypothesis = Explains higher crime rates in men through socialized behaviors and norms of masculinity Chivalry Hypothesis = Suggests women receive more lenient treatment within the criminal justice system Socialization = Refers to the ways in which society influences individual behavior from a young age Liberal Feminist Perspective = Focuses on the role of gender inequality in contributing to crime rates

Tangible Direct Losses = Immediate and measurable losses such as stolen property Indirect Costs = Consequences that cannot be easily quantified, such as emotional distress Active Precipitation = When a victim provokes or instigates a crime through their actions Passive Precipitation = When a victim is targeted due to their characteristics without their provocation

Hans von Hentig = Examined the role of victims and their contributions to crime Cycle of Violence = Explains how exposure to violence can perpetuate further violence Expressive Crimes = Crimes motivated by emotional impulses and feelings Instrumental Crimes = Crimes committed for material gain or economic benefit

<p>Living in a high-crime area = Increases the likelihood of being victimized repeatedly Substance abuse = Can lower an individual's ability to avoid risky situations Social isolation = May increase vulnerability to becoming a target for crime Previous victimization = Can lead to a higher risk of future victimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservatives = Focused on justice and the protection of victims' rights Liberals = Emphasized the need for societal reform and addressing underlying issues Magnitude of Loss = Refers to the overall impact and costs resulting from victimization Victimology = The study of victims and their role in the criminal justice process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative research = Research focused on understanding human behavior through in-depth analysis Quantitative research = Research that uses numerical data to identify patterns and relationships Positivism = Philosophy that emphasizes observation and empirical data in understanding behavior Criminology = The study of crime, criminal behavior, and the societal response to crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aging out = The phenomenon where individuals reduce their criminal behavior as they grow older Chronic offenders = Individuals who repeatedly engage in criminal behavior over a long period Social experience = The influences that social interactions have on an individual's behavior and perspectives Class crime controversy = Debate over the impact of socioeconomic status on crime rates and victimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emile Durkheim = Proposed that crime can be a normal aspect of society with potential positive functions Chicago School = Focused on urban sociology and the impact of social structures on crime Classical school = Emphasized rational choice and the idea that crime is a result of free will Sociological criminology = Studies the relationships between social structure and criminal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveys = Data collection through questionnaires from a sample of individuals Interviews = In-depth discussions aimed at gathering detailed personal insights about crime Case studies = In-depth analysis of specific instances of criminal behavior or legal cases Ethnography = Immersive research involving observation of subjects in their natural environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Routine Activity Theory = Explains crime based on the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and lack of guardianship General Strain Theory = Focuses on how societal pressures contribute to criminal behavior Social Learning Theory = Proposes that behavior is learned through interaction with others Labeling Theory = Examines how being labeled as deviant can influence an individual's self-identity and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender and victimization = Women are statistically more likely to experience certain types of victimization than men Racial disparities = Blacks often face greater victimization risks compared to whites in many communities Age and victimization = Younger individuals may be at a higher risk of being victims of crime than older adults Socioeconomic status = Lower socioeconomic status can increase both victimization risks and criminal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical Criminology = Crime is a rational choice made by individuals weighing pleasure against pain Social Conflict Theory = Crime arises from the conflicts between different social groups and their interests Differential Association Theory = Criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others Routine Activities Theory = Crime is a result of everyday routines that create opportunities for offense</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Official crime reports = Data collected by government agencies that reflects recorded crime rates Victim surveys = Research that gathers information directly from victims about their experiences Self-report studies = Surveys that ask individuals about their own engagement in criminal behaviors Observational studies = Research method that involves watching subjects in their natural settings for behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers