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What is the focus of criminology in criminal justice studies?
What is the focus of criminology in criminal justice studies?
What is the primary purpose of the courts in the criminal justice system?
What is the primary purpose of the courts in the criminal justice system?
Which of the following best describes the 'Dark Figure of Crime'?
Which of the following best describes the 'Dark Figure of Crime'?
Which study aims to gather data on crimes not reported to the police?
Which study aims to gather data on crimes not reported to the police?
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How does the Crime Severity Index (CSI) differ from the general crime rate?
How does the Crime Severity Index (CSI) differ from the general crime rate?
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What influences how crime is experienced differently among populations?
What influences how crime is experienced differently among populations?
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Which important attribute should criminal justice scholars possess?
Which important attribute should criminal justice scholars possess?
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What does the term 'crime fighters' refer to in media vocabulary?
What does the term 'crime fighters' refer to in media vocabulary?
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What is the primary focus of the Crime Control Model?
What is the primary focus of the Crime Control Model?
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In the context of Restorative Justice, what role do families and victims play?
In the context of Restorative Justice, what role do families and victims play?
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How does the Welfare approach view criminal behavior?
How does the Welfare approach view criminal behavior?
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Which system emphasizes limited interference with individual freedoms?
Which system emphasizes limited interference with individual freedoms?
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What is a primary ideology behind the Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908?
What is a primary ideology behind the Juvenile Delinquents Act of 1908?
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What is the main tenet of the Community Change approach?
What is the main tenet of the Community Change approach?
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In the context of the Crime Control Model, how are offenses treated?
In the context of the Crime Control Model, how are offenses treated?
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What key protection does the Due Process Model focus on?
What key protection does the Due Process Model focus on?
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Which model views crime as a result of failures in social structures?
Which model views crime as a result of failures in social structures?
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What does the Restorative Justice process focus on in relation to youth offenders?
What does the Restorative Justice process focus on in relation to youth offenders?
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What does the term 'attrition' refer to in the context of the justice system?
What does the term 'attrition' refer to in the context of the justice system?
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How is the 'crime funnel' best described?
How is the 'crime funnel' best described?
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Which ideology suggests that society has precedence over individual rights?
Which ideology suggests that society has precedence over individual rights?
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In the context of preventing crime, which of the following approaches aligns with a collectivist perspective?
In the context of preventing crime, which of the following approaches aligns with a collectivist perspective?
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What does the concept of 'determinism' imply about human behavior?
What does the concept of 'determinism' imply about human behavior?
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Which term describes the ideological beliefs that guide public policy concerning crime?
Which term describes the ideological beliefs that guide public policy concerning crime?
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What is one of the impacts of social conditions on crime rates?
What is one of the impacts of social conditions on crime rates?
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What kind of policies could be implemented to counteract negative outcomes related to crime?
What kind of policies could be implemented to counteract negative outcomes related to crime?
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Study Notes
Criminology and Criminal Justice
- Criminology attempts to understand the reasons why crimes happen
- Criminal justice focuses on the responses to criminal activity
- The criminal justice system consists of police, courts, and corrections
Sources of Knowledge About Crime
- The media often portrays criminal justice as a “war” against crime with police as “crime fighters”
- These representations lack objectivity and often perpetuate inaccurate understandings of crime
Measuring Crime
- The Crime Rate counts all reported crimes equally
- The Crime Severity Index (CSI) weighs crimes based on average sentence lengths
- The CSI showed a decline in 2020 after five years of increases
- Indigenous people make up 5% of the Canadian population but account for 27% of homicide victims
Understanding Criminal Victimization
- “Dark Figure of Crime”: Crimes that go unreported or undetected
- Self-report studies provide data on unreported crimes
- The General Social Survey, conducted every 5 years:
- Tracks changes in the well-being of Canadians over time
- Studies emerging issues in Canadian society
Ideology and Crime
- Ideology comprises beliefs about the proper order of society, especially regarding morality and political arrangements
- Ideologies shape individuals’ views on issues and influence public policy
- Individualist societies prioritize individual freedom and place less emphasis on societal conformity
- Collectivist societies value societal needs over individual needs, demanding conformity with rules and regulations
Philosophical Approaches to Justice
- Determinism argues that actions are influenced by outside factors or predispositions
- Free Will suggests that individuals have the ability to act independently of external influences
- The manner of intervention in the lives of those who break the law reflects underlying ideologies and beliefs
Crime Control Model
- Focuses on maintaining social order through state and court action
- Prioritizes the repression of criminal conduct through punishment
- Law enforcement plays a central role with significant authority
Justice/Due Process Model
- Emphasizes the protection of individual rights and legal safeguards
- Stresses the importance of the formal adversarial justice system and due process protections; this includes the right to a lawyer, the right to appeal, and the right to legal representation at all stages of legal proceedings
Welfare Model
- Prioritizes the needs of youth and families
- Views criminal behavior within a broader social context
- Focuses on rehabilitation and social support
Community Change Model
- Recognizes the connection between social conditions and crime
- Promotes social change to address the root causes of criminal behavior
- Aims to improve the quality of life for all citizens
Restorative Justice
- Emphasizes the need for community involvement in the response to crime
- Encourages accountability, victim-offender mediation, and community service
- Focuses on repairing harm and restoring relationships within the community
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of criminology and criminal justice, including the reasons behind crime and the justice system's response. It also discusses sources of knowledge about crime, measuring crime rates, and understanding criminal victimization. Dive into the complexities of crime and justice in society today.
