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Questions and Answers
According to Reiss's Control Theory, which factor is NOT considered a direct cause of delinquency?
According to Reiss's Control Theory, which factor is NOT considered a direct cause of delinquency?
- Presence of clear and consistent rules within the family and social environment. (correct)
- Breakdown of internal control resulting from a sudden environmental change.
- Lack of development in internal control due to inadequate parenting.
- Absence of or conflict in rules among family, friends, and close others.
Walter Reckless's Containment Theory suggests that both inner and outer containments are crucial in preventing crime. Which scenario best illustrates the failure of both containments leading to delinquent behavior?
Walter Reckless's Containment Theory suggests that both inner and outer containments are crucial in preventing crime. Which scenario best illustrates the failure of both containments leading to delinquent behavior?
- A teenager living in a high-crime neighborhood but actively participating in community sports and school activities.
- An individual with high self-esteem and strong family values, resisting negative influences from peers.
- An individual with a supportive family network who occasionally engages in minor acts of delinquency.
- A person experiencing job loss and social isolation, coupled with a history of poor self-control and anger issues. (correct)
How does Containment Theory differentiate between 'internal pushes' and 'external pulls' that may lead an individual to commit a crime?
How does Containment Theory differentiate between 'internal pushes' and 'external pulls' that may lead an individual to commit a crime?
- Internal pushes refer to aspects of the 'self,' such as restlessness or anger, while external pulls are environmental factors like poverty or media influence (correct)
- Internal pushes are related to mental health issues, while external pulls are influenced by peer pressure.
- Internal pushes are immediate triggers, while external pulls are long-term societal conditions.
- Internal pushes originate from societal pressures, while external pulls are based on personal feelings.
Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory addresses why more people don't engage in criminal behavior despite pressures. Which core question does this theory primarily seek to answer?
Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory addresses why more people don't engage in criminal behavior despite pressures. Which core question does this theory primarily seek to answer?
Considering both Reiss's Control Theory and Reckless's Containment Theory, which statement best encapsulates a shared perspective on factors preventing delinquency?
Considering both Reiss's Control Theory and Reckless's Containment Theory, which statement best encapsulates a shared perspective on factors preventing delinquency?
According to Durkheim, what is the primary factor that dictates whether an act is considered a crime?
According to Durkheim, what is the primary factor that dictates whether an act is considered a crime?
How does Durkheim's concept of 'anomie' relate to social control theory?
How does Durkheim's concept of 'anomie' relate to social control theory?
What role does socialization play in social control theory?
What role does socialization play in social control theory?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the breakdown of informal social control, leading to a greater reliance on formal social control?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the breakdown of informal social control, leading to a greater reliance on formal social control?
Why might social disorganization in a community lead to increased delinquency among juveniles, according to social control theory?
Why might social disorganization in a community lead to increased delinquency among juveniles, according to social control theory?
How did the social context of the mid-20th century (post-WWII era) influence the development and popularity of social control theory?
How did the social context of the mid-20th century (post-WWII era) influence the development and popularity of social control theory?
Which of the following best reflects the Hobbesian assumption about human nature that underlies social control theory?
Which of the following best reflects the Hobbesian assumption about human nature that underlies social control theory?
In Durkheim's 'Society of Saints' thought experiment, why does crime still exist?
In Durkheim's 'Society of Saints' thought experiment, why does crime still exist?
According to the techniques of neutralization, which justification aligns with 'denial of responsibility'?
According to the techniques of neutralization, which justification aligns with 'denial of responsibility'?
Which of the following statements exemplifies the 'condemnation of the condemners' technique of neutralization?
Which of the following statements exemplifies the 'condemnation of the condemners' technique of neutralization?
How might Hirschi's Social Bond Theory explain why a teenager who regularly participates in community sports is less likely to engage in delinquent behavior?
How might Hirschi's Social Bond Theory explain why a teenager who regularly participates in community sports is less likely to engage in delinquent behavior?
According to Hirschi's Social Bond Theory, what is the MOST likely outcome for a student who is failing in school, has few friends, and does not participate in extracurricular activities?
According to Hirschi's Social Bond Theory, what is the MOST likely outcome for a student who is failing in school, has few friends, and does not participate in extracurricular activities?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'commitment' component of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'commitment' component of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory?
How does the concept of 'belief' in Hirschi's Social Bond Theory relate to the likelihood of an individual engaging in criminal activities?
How does the concept of 'belief' in Hirschi's Social Bond Theory relate to the likelihood of an individual engaging in criminal activities?
How does Social Control Theory integrate elements of other criminological theories?
How does Social Control Theory integrate elements of other criminological theories?
Considering the practical implications of Social Bond Theory, which approach would be MOST effective in reducing juvenile delinquency in a community with high crime rates?
Considering the practical implications of Social Bond Theory, which approach would be MOST effective in reducing juvenile delinquency in a community with high crime rates?
Flashcards
Containment Theory
Containment Theory
A theory positing that social bonds control delinquent behavior through inner and outer containment.
Inner Containment
Inner Containment
Components of the self like self-control and self-image that help prevent delinquency.
Outer Containment
Outer Containment
Social environment factors like family supervision and social reinforcement that control behavior.
Control Theory
Control Theory
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Neutralization Theory
Neutralization Theory
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Techniques of Neutralization
Techniques of Neutralization
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Denial of Responsibility
Denial of Responsibility
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Denial of Injury
Denial of Injury
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Condemnation of the Condemners
Condemnation of the Condemners
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Hirschi's Social Bond Theory
Hirschi's Social Bond Theory
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Four Strands of the Bond
Four Strands of the Bond
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Appeal to Higher Loyalties
Appeal to Higher Loyalties
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Early Intervention Programs
Early Intervention Programs
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Emile Durkheim
Emile Durkheim
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Anomie
Anomie
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Consensus theory
Consensus theory
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Crime as a social fact
Crime as a social fact
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Social disorganization
Social disorganization
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Socialization
Socialization
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Informal social control
Informal social control
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Formal social control
Formal social control
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Study Notes
Social Control Theories
- Emile Durkheim, a consensus theorist, coined the term "anomie" and initiated strain theory.
- He believed moral order is more fundamental than economic order.
- Durkheim assumed most people share the same values, morals, and beliefs, and society acts like an organism greater than its parts.
- He asserted that crime is a social fact, present in all societies.
- The act of crime varies by society even within the confines of a "society of saints".
Conformity
- Conformity cannot be taken for granted.
- Socialization, learning norms and appropriate behaviors, is crucial for conformity.
- Socialization occurs through education, parental supervision, and peer groups.
- If social controls are ineffective, non-conformity is expected.
Social Control Origins
- Social disorganization, referring to community breakdown, and social control are closely related topics, particularly in the Chicago school of thought.
- Disorganization is when a society has a lack of supervision and support for youth, which can lead to deviance and criminal behaviors.
- Weakening social controls (e.g., lack of parental supervision) can result in delinquency.
Containment Theory
- Developed by Walter Reckless, this theory proposes that societal bonds and family influence individuals' tendencies towards delinquency.
- Inner containment refers to personal characteristics like self-control and self-image.
- Outer containment involves the social environment, emphasizing the role of social reinforcement and institutions.
Techniques of Neutralization
- Proposed by Sykes and Matza, neutralization theory suggests that criminals rationalize their behavior to justify criminal conduct.
- This theory posits that they are not inherently bad but learn techniques to excuse their behavior.
Social Bond Theory: Hirschi
- Hirschi's theory identifies four key elements of social bonds:
- Attachment: Individuals' ties to conventional institutions and people.
- Commitment: Individuals' investments in conventional activities (e.g., education and careers).
- Involvement: Time spent in conventional social activities.
- Belief: Shared values and respect for the law.
Practical Effects
- Strengthening social control institutions (e.g., youth groups) can positively impact delinquency rates.
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Description
Explore social control theories including Durkheim's concept of anomie and the significance of moral order. Understand the importance of socialization through education, parental supervision, and peer groups in fostering conformity. Learn about the link between social disorganization and social control within the Chicago school of thought.
