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Questions and Answers
What must goals be before they can act as 'primes' for automatic goal pursuit?
What does automatic decision making rely on?
How does culture influence schemas according to the content?
What type of thinking focuses on the properties of objects without considering their surrounding context?
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Which thinking style emphasizes the overall context and relationships between objects?
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What type of heuristics are used for making judgments quickly and efficiently?
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What can be a significant source of an individual's schemas?
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Which statement about the automatic goal pursuit is true?
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What is the primary function of schemas in social cognition?
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Which term describes the process of making certain thoughts more accessible based on recent experiences?
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What characterizes chronic accessibility in the context of social cognition?
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Which cognitive phenomenon illustrates how beliefs about others can affect their behaviors?
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What is meant by automatic thinking in social cognition?
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How does goal-related accessibility operate in social cognition?
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What distinguishes priming from general accessibility?
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What cognitive condition is characterized by a complete loss of the ability to form new memories?
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What characterizes a person with a holistic thinking style?
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Which of the following is a drawback of holistic thinking?
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Controlled social thinking can be described as:
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How does culture influence schemas?
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What is counterfactual reasoning?
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Analytical thinking primarily focuses on:
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Which of the following best describes 'low effort thinking' in social cognition?
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How is holistic thinking fundamentally different from analytical thinking?
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Study Notes
What is Social Cognition?
- The ways in which people think about themselves and the social world
- Includes how they select, interpret, remember, and use social information
Kinds of Social Cognition
- Automatic Pilot (Low Effort Thinking)
- Controlled Thinking (High Effort Thinking)
Schemas
- General knowledge about many things (other people, ourselves, social roles)
- Particularly useful when we are in confusing situations because they help us figure out what is going on
- Guides behavior and decision-making using past experiences and learned patterns
Korsakov’s Syndrome
- Loss of ability to form new memories
- Approach every situation as if it’s their 1st time
What is Accessibility?
- How easily certain schemas or concepts come to mind when we make judgments about others
3 Types of Accessibility
- Chronic Accessibility: Schemas that are always active and easily accessible due to past experiences.
- Goal-Related Accessibility: When a schema becomes relevant because of a current goal or task.
- Recent Experiences: Schemas can become accessible based on recent experiences or events.
What is Priming?
- The process that makes certain thoughts more accessible based on our recent experiences.
Accessibility vs. Priming
- Accessibility: The process of activating a concept or idea in a person’s mind
- Priming: Information can be retrieved from memory.
What is Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
- A psychological phenomenon that shows us how our beliefs about others can influence their behaviors, ultimately making those beliefs come true.
What is Automatic Thinking?
- ‘Shortcuts’ using cognitive frameworks or concepts that help organize and interpret information (schema)
- Helps us interpret the social world and make decisions without necessarily intending to do so.
Other Forms of Automatic Thinking
- Priming: Recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema, trait, or concept.
- Automatic Goal pursuit: The most ‘primed’ goal will be attempted to be accomplished due to its immediacy.
- Automatic Decision Making: Our unconscious minds often do a better job of sifting through information and figuring out the best alternative.
- Metaphors about the Body and the Mind: Physical sensations can prime a metaphor which then influences people’s judgments.
- Judgmental Heuristics: Mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly and efficiently. (e.g., availability, representativeness)
Cultural Difference in Social Cognition
- Cultural Determinants of Schemas: Although everyone uses schemas to understand the world, the content of our schemas is influenced by the culture in which we live.
Analytic Thinking Style
- A type of thinking in which people focus on the properties of objects without considering their surrounding context.
Holistic Thinking Style
- A type of thinking in which people focus on the overall context, particularly the ways in which objects relate to each other.
Analytic Thinking Style vs. Holistic Thinking Style
- Analytic Thinking Style: When looking at a picture of a tiger in the jungle, someone with an analytic thinking style might focus on the tiger itself—its color, size, and shape—without paying much attention to the jungle surroundings.
- Holistic Thinking Style: A person with a holistic thinking style would look at the entire scene, noticing not just the tiger but also how the jungle, trees, and the environment contribute to the scene. They would consider the tiger in relation to its surroundings.
Cultural Determinants of Schemas
- The content of our schemas is influenced by the culture in which we live.
- Our culture teaches us strongly influence what we notice and remember about the world.
- Holistic Thinking: People focus on the overall context, particularly the ways in which objects relate to each other.
- Analytic Thinking: People focus on the properties of objects without considering their surrounding context.
Controlled Social Thinking: High Effort Thinking
- A conscious and deliberate analysis of social information
- Requires individuals to actively engage their minds to evaluate situations and behaviors instead of relying on instinctive reactions.
Drawbacks of Controlled Thinking
- Information overload
- Time-consuming
- Inflexibility
What If Scenarios
- One form of controlled thinking is counterfactual reasoning
- People mentally change some aspect of the past as a way of imagining what might have been.
What If Scenarios
- How to overcome drawbacks of controlled thinking?
- Set boundaries
- Practice mindfulness
- Embrace imperfection
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of social cognition, including how we think about ourselves and others. This quiz covers key topics such as automatic versus controlled thinking, schemas, and the impact of conditions like Korsakov’s Syndrome on cognition. Test your understanding of accessibility in social judgments.
