Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the provided information, what is a key disadvantage of relying on stereotypes?
According to the provided information, what is a key disadvantage of relying on stereotypes?
- They enhance our ability to respond slowly in new situations.
- They help us notice the unique qualities of each individual.
- They cause us to overlook differences between people. (correct)
- They promote a deeper understanding of diverse cultures.
How do core schemas primarily develop?
How do core schemas primarily develop?
- Through our distant relatives and exposure to their views.
- From our early experiences with family, school, and social settings. (correct)
- Through structured educational programs in adulthood.
- Through inherited genetic predisposition only.
What is the effect of having a schema in place on how we process new information?
What is the effect of having a schema in place on how we process new information?
- It makes us pay equal attention to all types of information.
- It ensures we are always open and adaptable to any new learning.
- It makes us disregard the importance of any new information.
- It causes us to focus on information that confirms the schema, while ignoring contradictory information. (correct)
What is a characteristic of schemas as we grow older?
What is a characteristic of schemas as we grow older?
What does the scenario of an abandonment schema and clingy behavior illustrate?
What does the scenario of an abandonment schema and clingy behavior illustrate?
How might a person with an abandonment schema cope with the fear of being left alone?
How might a person with an abandonment schema cope with the fear of being left alone?
How does a clingy coping style impact an individual with an abandonment schema?
How does a clingy coping style impact an individual with an abandonment schema?
According to what is discussed, what is a key realization that can help a person change their schema?
According to what is discussed, what is a key realization that can help a person change their schema?
What term best describes a generalized belief about a group of people?
What term best describes a generalized belief about a group of people?
What can stereotypes potentially lead to?
What can stereotypes potentially lead to?
Which of the following is NOT directly listed as an area of study influenced by social cognition?
Which of the following is NOT directly listed as an area of study influenced by social cognition?
What is the primary function of a schema in social cognition?
What is the primary function of a schema in social cognition?
According to the provided text, which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using schemas?
According to the provided text, which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using schemas?
Considering the scenario of a first date, what does the concept of schemas primarily help with?
Considering the scenario of a first date, what does the concept of schemas primarily help with?
In the context of social cognition, schemas primarily offer which advantage?
In the context of social cognition, schemas primarily offer which advantage?
Based on the provided text, what action is specifically mentioned as potentially causing problems when too many people are involved?
Based on the provided text, what action is specifically mentioned as potentially causing problems when too many people are involved?
Which of the following best describes the role of schemas in our daily lives, according to the text?
Which of the following best describes the role of schemas in our daily lives, according to the text?
What question is directly indicated as being related to our use of schemas when meeting someone for the first time?
What question is directly indicated as being related to our use of schemas when meeting someone for the first time?
Why did the text mention the hypothetical example of 'a seashore'?
Why did the text mention the hypothetical example of 'a seashore'?
If the environment becomes more complex, how does this commonly affect schemas?
If the environment becomes more complex, how does this commonly affect schemas?
What is the primary focus of social cognition?
What is the primary focus of social cognition?
According to the information, what are the two types of attributions people use when making judgements about a behavior?
According to the information, what are the two types of attributions people use when making judgements about a behavior?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Which of the following best describes how people might apply the concept of the fundamental attribution error?
Which of the following best describes how people might apply the concept of the fundamental attribution error?
What is the actor-observer bias?
What is the actor-observer bias?
How might the actor-observer bias manifest in someone experiencing a change such as moving in with a partner?
How might the actor-observer bias manifest in someone experiencing a change such as moving in with a partner?
Which of these provides the best example of how different people perceive the same behavior differently?
Which of these provides the best example of how different people perceive the same behavior differently?
Why does the text suggest the actor-observer bias arises?
Why does the text suggest the actor-observer bias arises?
If someone moving to a new country assumes that people are unfriendly because they do not immediately invite them to socialize, what concept of social cognition are they applying?
If someone moving to a new country assumes that people are unfriendly because they do not immediately invite them to socialize, what concept of social cognition are they applying?
What are individuals in social situations considered to be?
What are individuals in social situations considered to be?
What are the child modes characterized by?
What are the child modes characterized by?
Which of the following is an example of a dysfunctional coping mode?
Which of the following is an example of a dysfunctional coping mode?
What characterizes the dysfunctional parent modes?
What characterizes the dysfunctional parent modes?
What does the healthy adult mode represent?
What does the healthy adult mode represent?
How does assimilation affect schemas?
How does assimilation affect schemas?
What is the primary focus of coping styles?
What is the primary focus of coping styles?
Which situation describes accommodation in schema change?
Which situation describes accommodation in schema change?
Which of the following best describes the outcome of unhelpful schemas?
Which of the following best describes the outcome of unhelpful schemas?
How can someone identify adaptive versus maladaptive schemas?
How can someone identify adaptive versus maladaptive schemas?
What is self-stereotyping?
What is self-stereotyping?
Flashcards
Social Cognition
Social Cognition
The process of perceiving and understanding social signals, interpreting behaviour, and responding in ways that are appropriate and beneficial.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to attribute others' behaviour to their personality traits while underemphasizing situational factors.
Actor-Observer Bias
Actor-Observer Bias
A bias that leads people to attribute their own behaviour to external factors while attributing others' behaviour to internal factors.
Attribution
Attribution
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Internal Attributions
Internal Attributions
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External Attributions
External Attributions
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Empathy
Empathy
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Transition Example
Transition Example
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Attitude Formation
Attitude Formation
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Social Cognition: Importance
Social Cognition: Importance
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Schema
Schema
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Stereotype
Stereotype
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Prejudice
Prejudice
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Discrimination
Discrimination
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Impression Formation
Impression Formation
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Self-Serving Bias
Self-Serving Bias
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Schemas: Advantages and Disadvantages
Schemas: Advantages and Disadvantages
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What is a stereotype?
What is a stereotype?
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What is an advantage of stereotypes?
What is an advantage of stereotypes?
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What is a disadvantage of stereotypes?
What is a disadvantage of stereotypes?
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What is prejudice?
What is prejudice?
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What is discrimination?
What is discrimination?
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What is a core schema?
What is a core schema?
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What is a benefit of core schemas?
What is a benefit of core schemas?
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What is a drawback of core schemas?
What is a drawback of core schemas?
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How do coping styles affect schemas?
How do coping styles affect schemas?
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Can schemas be changed?
Can schemas be changed?
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Dysfunctional Parent Mode
Dysfunctional Parent Mode
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Child Mode
Child Mode
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Dysfunctional Coping Mode
Dysfunctional Coping Mode
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Assimilation (Schema Change)
Assimilation (Schema Change)
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Accommodation (Schema Change)
Accommodation (Schema Change)
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Healthy Adult Mode
Healthy Adult Mode
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Identifying Unhelpful Schemas
Identifying Unhelpful Schemas
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Addressing Coping Modes
Addressing Coping Modes
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Recognizing Patterns
Recognizing Patterns
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Finding Alternative Ways
Finding Alternative Ways
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Study Notes
Social Cognition
- Social cognition refers to the mental processes influencing how people process, interpret, and react to social cues.
- These processes enable appropriate and beneficial social responses.
Fundamental Attribution Error
- Fundamental Attribution Error: The tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate external factors when explaining others' actions.
- This bias causes misinterpretations, blaming personality instead of external pressures.
Actor-Observer Bias
- Actor-Observer Bias: Attributing one's own actions to external factors, while attributing others' actions to internal factors.
- This bias occurs because individuals have more insight into their own circumstances.
Application to Transitions
- People adjusting to major life changes (e.g., new parents, moving in) may attribute their irritability to situational factors (e.g., lack of sleep).
- They may misinterpret similar behaviors in others as stemming from personality traits (e.g., "not being supportive").
Schemas
- Schemas are cognitive frameworks organizing and interpreting information.
- They serve as patterns for interpreting the world.
- Schemas guide behavior and expectations in particular situations.
Types of Schemas
- Person Schemas: Cognitive frameworks about people based on traits, appearance, behaviors, or preferences.
- Social Schemas: Cognitive frameworks about social situations.
- Self-Schemas: Cognitive frameworks about oneself.
- Event Schemas: Cognitive frameworks about sequential events (e.g., a business meeting).
Schema Advantages and Disadvantages
- Advantages: Schemas lead to efficient processing of information, promoting high-level cognitive abilities like tasks and problem-solving.
- Disadvantages: Schemas may lead to errors in complex environments by ignoring differences between individuals.
Stereotypes
- Stereotypes are oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a specific group of people.
- Stereotypes organize information (advantage).
- Stereotypes lead to ignoring differences (disadvantage).
- Stereotypes can lead to prejudice and discrimination.
Core Schemas
- Core schemas develop from early life experiences (e.g., family, school).
- Core schemas initially guide quick judgments.
- Over time, schemas may become more nuanced and complex through experiences.
Schema Influence and Change
- Schemas strongly influence what people pay attention to and how they interpret information.
- Schemas become challenging to change over time if formed from duress or emotionally charged situations.
- New information may lead to adjustments in existing schemas (assimilation).
- New information may create new schemas (accommodation).
Coping Styles and Schemas
- Coping styles can strengthen schemas.
- Example: someone with an abandonment schema may cope by being overly clingy to prevent potential abandonment.
- This behavior strengthens the schema.
Schema Coping Modes
- Child Modes: characterized by child-like feelings.
- Dysfunctional Coping Modes: used to prevent distress but have negative effects.
- Dysfunctional Parent Modes: internalizations of harsh parental behaviors preventing needed responses.
- Healthy Adult Mode: the healthy, functional self that can set limits.
How to Change and Improve
- Identify unhelpful schemas.
- Understand coping modes influencing emotional expression.
- Find more fulfilling ways to meet emotional needs.
- Reframe thoughts and behaviors.
Further Considerations
- Reflect on how stereotypes and schemas influence behaviors.
- Analyze situations where stereotypes affected behavior (positive/negative).
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