Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which researcher highlighted that middle-class parents tend to use more challenging language with their children compared to working-class parents?
Which researcher highlighted that middle-class parents tend to use more challenging language with their children compared to working-class parents?
- Basil Bernstein
- Stephen Ball
- Leon Feinstein (correct)
- Diane Reay
Trona and Williams argued that schools have the wrong attitude towards which type of language?
Trona and Williams argued that schools have the wrong attitude towards which type of language?
- Foreign language
- Working-class language (correct)
- Formal language
- Middle-class language
Which concept did Basil Bernstein introduce to explain how language codes used by different social classes affect educational achievement?
Which concept did Basil Bernstein introduce to explain how language codes used by different social classes affect educational achievement?
- Cultural Capital
- Habitus
- Self-fulfilling Prophecy
- Speech Codes (correct)
According to Douglas, what do working-class parents place less value on compared to middle-class parents, impacting their children's education?
According to Douglas, what do working-class parents place less value on compared to middle-class parents, impacting their children's education?
Blackstone and Mortimer suggest that working-class parents might be scared of what aspect of middle-class schools, leading to lower attendance at parents' evenings?
Blackstone and Mortimer suggest that working-class parents might be scared of what aspect of middle-class schools, leading to lower attendance at parents' evenings?
According to Feinstein, which of the following factors has the most significant impact on a child’s educational success?
According to Feinstein, which of the following factors has the most significant impact on a child’s educational success?
What did Bernstein and Young find to be correlated with higher income, in relation to children's education?
What did Bernstein and Young find to be correlated with higher income, in relation to children's education?
Which researcher argued that working-class subcultures can act as a barrier to educational achievement?
Which researcher argued that working-class subcultures can act as a barrier to educational achievement?
Who argued that working-class individuals are not culturally deprived, just culturally different?
Who argued that working-class individuals are not culturally deprived, just culturally different?
Howard's research indicated that young children from working-class homes often experience what physical disadvantage that affects their schooling?
Howard's research indicated that young children from working-class homes often experience what physical disadvantage that affects their schooling?
Wilkinson found a correlation between lower social class and which childhood disorder?
Wilkinson found a correlation between lower social class and which childhood disorder?
Callender and Jackson identified what key barrier related to higher education for working-class students?
Callender and Jackson identified what key barrier related to higher education for working-class students?
According to Tanner et al., what specific cost associated with schooling can disproportionately affect working-class families?
According to Tanner et al., what specific cost associated with schooling can disproportionately affect working-class families?
Flaherty argued that working-class children may avoid free school meals due to what?
Flaherty argued that working-class children may avoid free school meals due to what?
What concept, introduced by Bourdieu, refers to the knowledge, skills, habits, and tastes that can provide advantages in education?
What concept, introduced by Bourdieu, refers to the knowledge, skills, habits, and tastes that can provide advantages in education?
Leech and Campos found that middle-class parents often engage in what practice to secure better educational opportunities for their children?
Leech and Campos found that middle-class parents often engage in what practice to secure better educational opportunities for their children?
Sullivan tested cultural capital by questioning students. How many students were in the study?
Sullivan tested cultural capital by questioning students. How many students were in the study?
What term did Becker use to describe the characteristics and behaviours that teachers often associate with the 'perfect' student?
What term did Becker use to describe the characteristics and behaviours that teachers often associate with the 'perfect' student?
In their study of nine different state schools, Dunne and Gazeley found that teacher labelling often leads to which outcome for working-class students?
In their study of nine different state schools, Dunne and Gazeley found that teacher labelling often leads to which outcome for working-class students?
Rosenthal and Jacobson's research on the 'self-fulfilling prophecy' involved giving children what type of test?
Rosenthal and Jacobson's research on the 'self-fulfilling prophecy' involved giving children what type of test?
Flashcards
Feinstein's language study
Feinstein's language study
WC parents use less complex language, impacting child development.
Bernstein: Speech Codes
Bernstein: Speech Codes
Differences in speech patterns or vocabulary used by individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds that can hinder academic progress.
Douglas's parental values
Douglas's parental values
WC families place less emphasis on education compared to MC families.
Bourdieu: Cultural Capital
Bourdieu: Cultural Capital
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Feinstein's parent education
Feinstein's parent education
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Bernstein & Young: Academic spending
Bernstein & Young: Academic spending
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Sugarman: WC subcultures
Sugarman: WC subcultures
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Howard: Energy levels
Howard: Energy levels
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Callender & Jackson: Debt aversion
Callender & Jackson: Debt aversion
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Tanner et al: Uniform costs
Tanner et al: Uniform costs
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Flaherty: Stigma of free meals
Flaherty: Stigma of free meals
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Leech & Campos: Catchment areas
Leech & Campos: Catchment areas
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Sullivan: Cultural capital test
Sullivan: Cultural capital test
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Becker: Ideal pupil
Becker: Ideal pupil
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Dunne & Gracely: Labelling WC
Dunne & Gracely: Labelling WC
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Rist: Seating plan
Rist: Seating plan
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Rosenthal & Jacobson: Self-fulfilling prophecy
Rosenthal & Jacobson: Self-fulfilling prophecy
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Lacey: Differentiation
Lacey: Differentiation
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Lacey: Polarisation
Lacey: Polarisation
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Archer: MC Habitus
Archer: MC Habitus
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Study Notes
- Parents who are middle class use more challenging language with their children, as per Feinstein.
- Trona and Williams suggest that schools have the wrong attitude towards working-class language.
- Bernstein discusses speech codes.
- Douglas argues that working-class parents place less value on education.
- Blackstone and Mortimer claim working-class parents are intimidated by the middle-class atmosphere of schools, leading to non-attendance at parents' evenings.
- Feinstein identifies a parent's own level of education as the biggest factor in a child's success.
- Bernstein and Young state that higher income leads to more spending on academic resources for children.
- Sugarman posits that working-class subcultures act as a barrier to educational achievement.
- Kiddie argues that working-class individuals are not culturally deprived, only culturally different.
- Howard notes that young children from working-class homes have lower energy levels.
- Wilkinson links lower social class to higher rates of hyperactivity disorders.
- Callender and Jackson highlight the fear of debt among working-class students regarding higher education.
- Tanner et al. point to the high cost of school uniforms.
- Flaherty emphasizes the fear of stigmatization associated with free school meals.
- Feinstein asserts that parental education influences a child's success, irrespective of income.
- Bourdieu introduces the concept of cultural capital.
- Leech and Campos observe that middle-class parents buy homes in desirable school catchment areas.
- Sullivan tested cultural capital on 465 pupils across 4 schools.
- Becker describes the "ideal pupil".
Labelling
- Dunne and Gracely conducted a study in 9 different state schools, observing how labeling leads to working-class underachievement.
- Rist found children's backgrounds were used to create seating plans
- Rosenthal and Jacobson's IQ test experiment demonstrated the self-fulfilling prophecy.
- Jane Elliot conducted the "blue eyes, brown eyes" experiment.
- Lacey discusses differentiation and polarization within schools.
- Ball observed that teacher differentiation persisted even after streaming was abolished in Beachside Comprehensive schools.
- Archer suggests schools have a middle-class habitus.
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