Social Anxiety and Cognitive Therapy

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Questions and Answers

What was the correlation between perceived body sensations and self-ratings of anxious appearance in the high social anxiety group?

It was positively correlated.

It was negatively correlated.

It was significantly correlated. (correct)

There was no correlation.

What tendency do anxious individuals exhibit when recalling information related to their fears?

They selectively retrieve confirming information. (correct)

They exhibit no noticeable bias.

They recall more positive memories.

They recall all kinds of information equally.

During which condition did high socially anxious individuals recall fewer positive words?

Public self-referent condition. (correct)

Other-referent condition.

Private self-referent condition.

Neutral condition.

What did high socially anxious individuals tend to overestimate?

Their actual anxious appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning is involved when anxious individuals interpret body sensations to estimate their anxious appearance?

Emotional reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

In what condition did the memory bias for recalling negative words occur for high socially anxious individuals?

During public self-referent encoding only. Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of noticing body sensations for those with high social anxiety?

They underestimated their positive behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which group showed significant correlations in the study regarding body sensations and perceptions of anxious appearance?

Only the high social anxiety group. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cognitive therapy (CT) patients were panic free at the end of supportive therapy at 8 weeks?

71% Signup and view all the answers

What was the mean improvement on the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in social phobia post-treatment?

11 points Signup and view all the answers

How many consecutive cases were treated for PTSD in the cited case series?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage of patients who no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD after treatment?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What additional procedure was NOT included in the cognitive therapy program for PTSD?

Medication management Signup and view all the answers

What component formed an integral part of the treatment for PTSD in the case series?

Imaginal reliving Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of effect sizes for improvement in social phobia from pre to post-treatment?

2.7 to 3.7 Signup and view all the answers

How many sessions did patients with PTSD typically receive including booster sessions?

8 sessions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common observation in patients' spontaneous images during a panic attack?

They generally stop at the worst moment. Signup and view all the answers

What technique can help patients reframe their negative images associated with panic?

Recreating the negative image and running it through to a positive resolution. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it said that anxiety may arise from overestimating feared events?

It leads to unrealistic coping strategies. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does observing a video of themselves have on patients' self-images during therapy?

They often view the video image as more positive than their own self-image. Signup and view all the answers

What does the technique of 'finishing out' the image involve?

Holding a negative image in mind until anxiety decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception often leads to individuals believing they appear foolish in social situations?

Associating every mistake with a personal failing creates false judgments. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does anxiety affect a person's focus during an incident of fear?

It causes them to fixate only on the most severe possible outcome. Signup and view all the answers

What role does affect play in effectively processing negative images during therapy?

Eliciting affect allows patients to connect emotionally with their fears. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the focus areas in the research conducted by Chambless et al. regarding agoraphobics?

The Body Sensations Questionnaire and its role in assessing fear of fear Signup and view all the answers

According to Clark's cognitive model, what is a common behavior exhibited by patients with social phobia?

Directing attention away from faces during social interactions Signup and view all the answers

What psychological treatment was compared with applied relaxation and imipramine in Clark et al.'s study on panic disorder?

Cognitive Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects did Dunmore et al. investigate in their pilot study about post-traumatic stress disorder?

Cognitive factors in persistent versus recovered PTSD Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anxiety disorders, what is the significance of the research by Clark and Wells?

It proposed a cognitive model for understanding social phobia. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misinterpretation related to bodily sensations in individuals with panic disorder, according to Clark et al.?

They misinterpret normal physical sensations as dangerous. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key findings of Clark's 1998 keynote address on anxiety disorders?

Psychological treatments can effectively address why anxiety disorders persist. Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is emphasized in the comparison by Clark, Salkovskis, and others in their study on hypochondriasis?

Brief cognitive therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Ehlers' cognitive model of PTSD?

Cognitive processes in the development and persistence of PTSD Signup and view all the answers

Which type of trauma did Dunmore et al. specifically examine in their research on PTSD?

Physical and sexual assault Signup and view all the answers

What does the Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) aim to assess?

Negative thoughts related to traumatic experiences Signup and view all the answers

In which type of conference was Ehlers' paper on a cognitive approach to PTSD presented?

British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies Annual Conference Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant cognitive factor in the onset of PTSD mentioned in the studies?

Negative self-perception Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of panic attacks was explored in Ehlers & Breuer's research?

Increased cardiac awareness in panic disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological predictor of chronic PTSD mentioned by Ehlers et al. in their study following motor vehicle accidents?

Previous trauma history Signup and view all the answers

What common theme is addressed in the work of Foa and Rothbaum on the treatment of trauma?

Cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches for PTSD Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

People with high social anxiety may misinterpret bodily sensations, leading them to believe they appear more anxious than they actually do
This misinterpretation can cause them to overestimate how anxious they look and underestimate their positive social behaviors
This phenomenon is known as "emotional reasoning"
It is a specific instance of "ex-consequentia reasoning"

Memory Processes

Anxious individuals often recall information confirming their worst fears
This is a biased memory process that can contribute to the maintenance of anxiety disorders
In a study conducted by Mansell and Clark, high socially anxious individuals recalled fewer positive words and more negative words when anticipating giving a speech, especially words related to their public image

Cognitive Therapy for Anxiety Disorders

Cognitive therapy is a complex blend of education, verbal techniques, imagery modification, attentional manipulation, and exposure to feared stimuli
It also includes manipulation of safety behaviors and various behavioral experiments
Cognitive therapy has been shown to be effective in treating panic disorder and social phobia
This effectiveness is demonstrated by high rates of panic-free patients (84%) and substantial improvement in social anxiety symptoms
In PTSD treatment, imaginal reliving is an integral part of therapy, but it is utilized in a limited number of sessions, suggesting that the broader focus of cognitive therapy may reduce the need for extensive reliving
Treatments for PTSD also include modification of dysfunctional beliefs about trauma and initial symptoms, as well as restructuring of images and thought suppression experiments

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Description

Explore the intricacies of social anxiety, including how individuals misinterpret bodily sensations and engage in biased memory processes. This quiz also covers cognitive therapy approaches that aid in managing anxiety disorders effectively.