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Questions and Answers
Gargamel is testing mutagens to change Smurf DNA. What is the primary function of these mutagens?
Gargamel is testing mutagens to change Smurf DNA. What is the primary function of these mutagens?
- To protect the Smurf DNA from damage.
- To alter the nitrogen base sequence in the Smurf DNA. (correct)
- To maintain the original protein production.
- To replicate the existing DNA sequence accurately.
The original DNA sequence of the Smurf blue gene is GATTGATTCAAT. If Mutagen A causes a substitution mutation where the first 'A' is replaced with a 'C', what would the mutated sequence be?
The original DNA sequence of the Smurf blue gene is GATTGATTCAAT. If Mutagen A causes a substitution mutation where the first 'A' is replaced with a 'C', what would the mutated sequence be?
- CATTGATTCAAT (correct)
- GATTGCTTCAAT
- GCTTGATTCAAT
- GATTGATTCAAC
Consider Mutagen B which results in the mutated DNA sequence TATTGATTCAAT. What type of mutation has occurred?
Consider Mutagen B which results in the mutated DNA sequence TATTGATTCAAT. What type of mutation has occurred?
- Substitution
- Insertion (correct)
- Duplication
- Deletion
If Mutagen C inserts a 'G' after the tenth base in the sequence GATTGATTCAAT, how would this affect the resulting protein, and what type of mutation is this?
If Mutagen C inserts a 'G' after the tenth base in the sequence GATTGATTCAAT, how would this affect the resulting protein, and what type of mutation is this?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and protein synthesis in the context of the Smurf experiment?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and protein synthesis in the context of the Smurf experiment?
What is the most likely outcome if a mutagen causes a significant change in the amino acid sequence of the blue pigment protein in Smurfs?
What is the most likely outcome if a mutagen causes a significant change in the amino acid sequence of the blue pigment protein in Smurfs?
Which of the following statements accurately explains how mutations can affect the traits of an individual?
Which of the following statements accurately explains how mutations can affect the traits of an individual?
In the experiment, why is it important to add the amino acid solution to the test tubes containing Smurf DNA and the mutagens?
In the experiment, why is it important to add the amino acid solution to the test tubes containing Smurf DNA and the mutagens?
What is the importance of replication in the context of DNA and genetic information?
What is the importance of replication in the context of DNA and genetic information?
How can the results of this Smurf DNA experiment be applied to understand the effects of mutagens in real-world scenarios, such as cancer development?
How can the results of this Smurf DNA experiment be applied to understand the effects of mutagens in real-world scenarios, such as cancer development?
If a new mutagen, 'Mutagen D', causes a deletion of three consecutive bases in the Smurf's blue gene, what type of effect would this most likely have on the resulting protein?
If a new mutagen, 'Mutagen D', causes a deletion of three consecutive bases in the Smurf's blue gene, what type of effect would this most likely have on the resulting protein?
Considering the claim-evidence-reasoning framework used in the Smurf experiment, what role does the 'reasoning' component play in the conclusion?
Considering the claim-evidence-reasoning framework used in the Smurf experiment, what role does the 'reasoning' component play in the conclusion?
How does the concept of the 'central dogma of molecular biology' relate to Gargamel’s plan to change the Smurfs’ color?
How does the concept of the 'central dogma of molecular biology' relate to Gargamel’s plan to change the Smurfs’ color?
Why is it essential to wear safety goggles during the Smurf DNA experiment?
Why is it essential to wear safety goggles during the Smurf DNA experiment?
What could be a potential limitation of the Smurf DNA experiment in accurately predicting the effects of mutagens on living organisms?
What could be a potential limitation of the Smurf DNA experiment in accurately predicting the effects of mutagens on living organisms?
How might scientists use a similar experimental approach to the Smurf DNA experiment to study genetic diseases in humans?
How might scientists use a similar experimental approach to the Smurf DNA experiment to study genetic diseases in humans?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis, and how does it relate to the Smurf blue protein?
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis, and how does it relate to the Smurf blue protein?
In the context of the Smurf DNA experiment, what distinguishes a 'frameshift' mutation from a 'point' mutation?
In the context of the Smurf DNA experiment, what distinguishes a 'frameshift' mutation from a 'point' mutation?
Considering the ethical implications, how could the knowledge gained from the Smurf DNA experiment be misused, and what safeguards should be in place?
Considering the ethical implications, how could the knowledge gained from the Smurf DNA experiment be misused, and what safeguards should be in place?
Suppose Gargamel discovers a fourth mutagen, 'Mutagen D', that prevents mRNA from binding to ribosomes. How would this mutagen affect protein production in Smurfs?
Suppose Gargamel discovers a fourth mutagen, 'Mutagen D', that prevents mRNA from binding to ribosomes. How would this mutagen affect protein production in Smurfs?
Flashcards
What is a mutation?
What is a mutation?
A change in the nitrogen base sequence of DNA.
What is a mutagen?
What is a mutagen?
A substance that causes mutations in DNA.
What is substitution mutation?
What is substitution mutation?
Replacement of one nitrogen base with another in a DNA sequence.
What is insertion mutation?
What is insertion mutation?
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What is deletion mutation?
What is deletion mutation?
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What is a gene?
What is a gene?
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What are proteins?
What are proteins?
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What is transcription?
What is transcription?
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What is translation?
What is translation?
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What is mRNA?
What is mRNA?
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Study Notes
- Gargamel aims to eliminate the Smurfs by altering their DNA, thus changing their color via mutagens.
- Smurfs are blue because of a gene with a specific DNA sequence: GATTGATTCAAT.
- Gargamel tests three mutagens (A, B, C) to identify the most effective one.
- Mutagens alter the nitrogen bases in DNA.
Research on Mutagens
- Mutagens can cause different types of mutations in DNA sequences: substitution, insertion, or deletion.
- Substitution involves replacing one nitrogen base with another.
- Insertion involves adding one or more nitrogen bases.
- Deletion involves removing one or more nitrogen bases.
- Depending on the extent of change to the amino acid sequence, the protein may or may not be affected by the mutagen.
Prediction
- Predict which mutagen will most effectively alter the blue protein, leading to the destruction of the Smurf civilization.
Procedure
- Label three test tubes A, B, and C.
- Add Smurf DNA to each test tube.
- Add the corresponding mutagen to each test tube.
- Add amino acid solution to each test tube and note color changes.
Data Collection
- Record the type of mutation caused by each mutagen (substitution, insertion, or deletion).
- Note the color of the protein after adding each mutagen.
- Indicate whether each mutagen changes the protein produced.
Discussion Points
- Explain the relationship between DNA and proteins.
- Define what a mutagen does to DNA and provide an example from the lab.
- Explain whether all mutations affect the protein produced and use data to support the answer.
- Explain how mutations can affect an individual's traits.
Conclusion: Claim-Evidence-Reasoning
- State which mutagen is most effective in changing the blue protein.
- Provide data and observations from the experiment as evidence.
- Use scientific concepts to logically connect the evidence to the claim.
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