Understanding Mutagens and DNA Repair Mechanisms

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Which type of mutagen directly impacts bases resulting in depurination or loss of a purine?

Alkylators (correct)

Gamma radiation

UV radiation

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What is the main cause of the condition xeroderma pigmentosum?

Lack of an enzyme needed to remove thymine dimers from DNA sequences (correct)

Increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Presence of nitrous acid in the environment

Mutation due to biological mutagens

Which virus is associated with long-term infections that can lead to cancer in the reproductive tract?

Helicobacter pylori

Human papillomavirus (HPV) (correct)

Epstein Barr virus

Hepatitis B virus

What effect does nitrosoguanidine have on DNA?

Results in depurination and base mispairing Signup and view all the answers

How do mutagens primarily create damage to DNA?

By replacing normal DNA polymerase with Y-family polymerases Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does base excision repair remove a damaged base from the DNA?

G1 Signup and view all the answers

Which repair mechanism occurs in both the G1 and G2 stages of the cell cycle to delete lesions on nucleotide sequences in DNA?

Nucleotide excision repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mismatch repair in DNA replication?

Maintaining base pair matching within the DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical mutagen?

Viruses Signup and view all the answers

What type of biological agents are capable of initiating changes in an individual's DNA?

Viruses and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of alkylation in DNA?

Addition of alkyl groups to bases, leading to increased DNA mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mutations can have a beneficial effect on human health?

Mutations that reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of mutations in the process of evolution?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific action of mutagens on DNA?

Replication leading to the formation of new DNA strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of coordination by heavy metal ions on DNA?

Crosslinking of DNA, blocking replication, repair, and transcription Signup and view all the answers

Understanding Mutagens and DNA Repair Mechanisms

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