60 Questions
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for action or running away?
Sympathetic division
What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Resting and digesting
Which part of the brain is the main autonomic sensor?
Hypothalamus
Where does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system originate?
Thoracic spinal cord
What is the main neurotransmitter in the sympathetic division?
Noradrenaline
What type of receptors does noradrenaline bind to in the sympathetic division?
Adrenergic receptors
Which receptor subtype is targeted by an alpha one antagonist to treat hypertension?
Alpha one receptor
What is the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine
What are the three types of tissues that the autonomic nervous system controls?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Who coined the phrase 'fight or flight' to describe the sympathetic nervous system?
Walter Cannon
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
Control internal organs
How many types of nervous systems are included in the autonomic nervous system?
Three
Which muscles support the eye in Haulier syndrome?
Thoracic muscles
What structures does the sympathetic thoracic supply provide to?
Heart and lungs
What structures do the lumbar and sacral sympathetic supply provide to?
Abdominal organs and pelvic organs
What does the parasympathetic supply to the heart do?
Slows it down
What is the purpose of the sympathetic trunk in the cervical region?
To provide sympathetic supply to structures in the head
What is the function of the cervical ganglia?
To provide sympathetic supply to structures in the head and upper limbs
What is the effect of disruption to the sympathetic cervical supply to the head?
Dilated pupil and drooping eyelid
What is Horner's syndrome?
A disruption to the sympathetic cervical supply to the head
Which region of the spinal cord do the cell bodies of the pre-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system originate from?
Thoracic region
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system in animals such as dogs, cats, and wolves?
To regulate body temperature
What is the role of the white ramus communicans in the sympathetic system?
To connect the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve
What is the reason for the concurrent activation of multiple ganglia in the sympathetic trunk?
To achieve widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is NOT supplied solely by the sympathetic deficient abdominal pelvic organs?
Muscle skeletal system
What effect does having lots of air in the lungs or less air in the lungs have on the bronchi?
Constrict them
What effect does reducing sweating have on the body?
It decreases sweating
Which of the following is an exception to the rule that the sympathetic deficient abdominal pelvic organs supply the sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels?
Erectile tissues
Which of the following is NOT supplied by a parasitic supply?
Muscle skeletal system
What effect does having the hair follicles off have on the body?
No effect
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for involuntary responses to embarrassment and fear?
Amygdala
Which region of the spinal cord does the sympathetic component of the parasympathetic division originate from?
Thoracic spinal cord
Which region of the spinal cord does the parasympathetic component of the parasympathetic division originate from?
Sacral spinal cord
Which neurotransmitter is primarily released within autonomic ganglia?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is the main postganglionic sympathetic neuronal transmitter?
Noradrenaline
Which receptor subtype is primarily targeted by alpha-1 antagonists to treat hypertension?
α1
Which receptor subtype is primarily targeted by beta-1 antagonists to treat hypertension?
β1
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the regulation of the internal organs and maintenance of the internal environment?
Enteric nervous system
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic division
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for conserving metabolic resources during resting?
Parasympathetic division
Which part of the brain is the main autonomic center?
Hypothalamus
Which descending fibers innervate parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the cranial nerve nuclei?
Fibers from the medulla
Which descending fibers innervate sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord?
Fibers from the medulla
Which higher centers provide inputs to the autonomic nuclei in the hypothalamus?
Limbic system
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for dilating pupils and reducing glandular secretions?
Parasympathetic division
Which ganglia supply the head, upper limbs, and heart in the cervical sympathetic system?
Stellate ganglion
What is the clinical condition caused by a disruption of the sympathetic supply to the head?
Horner's syndrome
Where do the postganglionic fibers of the cervical sympathetic system exit to supply the upper limbs?
Via grey rami communicantes to spinal nerves
Which ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia in the cervical sympathetic system?
Stellate ganglion
What effect does disruption to the sympathetic cervical supply to the head have?
All of the above
What is the ratio of preganglionic neurons to postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system?
1:20
Which ganglia supply the thorax, heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera?
Thoracic ganglia
Through which fibers do the postganglionic fibers exit to reach the spinal nerves?
Grey rami communicantes
Which fibers form the prevertebral plexus around the abdominal viscera?
Postganglionic fibers
Which ganglia supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera and lower limb?
Sacral ganglia
Through which fibers do the preganglionic fibers exit to reach the abdomen?
Lumbar splanchnic nerves
Which cranial nerve is associated with the superior salivatory nucleus?
CN 7 – Facial nerve
Which cranial nerve is associated with the inferior salivatory nucleus?
CN 9 – Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which region of the spinal cord do the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic system originate from?
Thoracic region
Which part of the autonomic nervous system regulates muscle contraction in the gastrointestinal tract?
Auerbach’s plexus
Test your knowledge on smooth muscles, sweat glands, and Haulier syndrome in this quiz. Learn about the functions of smooth muscles, the causes of anhydrosis, and the effects of Haulier syndrome on the eye muscles.
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