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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of norepinephrine or acetylcholine on the organ?
Norepinephrine only has an excitatory effect on organs.
False
What determines whether the effect of norepinephrine or acetylcholine is stimulatory or inhibitory?
The context or specific organ involved
Norepinephrine and acetylcholine can have a[n] __________ effect on organs.
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Match the following neurotransmitters with their typical effects on organs:
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What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system cause the same effects on the body.
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What is the main focus of the parasympathetic division?
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The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily associated with _______.
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Match the following divisions of the autonomic nervous system with their characteristics:
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system has two main divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
- Both divisions innervate the same structures, but cause opposite effects.
- The sympathetic division prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, while the parasympathetic division promotes "rest and digest" actions.
Sympathetic Division
- Originates from the thoracolumbar outflow, also known as the thoracolumbar division.
- Has short preganglionic fibers that synapse in ganglia located bilaterally to the spinal cord.
- Has long postganglionic fibers that extend to effector organs.
- Utilizes acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter released by preganglionic axons and norepinephrine (except for sweat glands) as the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic axons.
Parasympathetic Division
- Originates from the craniosacral outflow, also known as the craniosacral division.
- Has long preganglionic fibers that synapse in ganglia located near effector organs.
- Has short postganglionic fibers.
- Utilizes acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter released by both preganglionic and postganglionic axons.
- The action of acetylcholine is terminated by cholinesterase enzymes.
Neurotransmitter Termination
- Norepinephrine is re-uptaken into adrenergic nerve endings via an active transport process.
- The primary pathway for norepinephrine termination is neuronal uptake (uptake 1), where it gets metabolized by MAO enzyme.
- Presynaptic M2 agonists (autoreceptors) located in the presynaptic neurons decrease acetylcholine release.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the autonomic nervous system, including its two main divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Learn about their functions, origins, and neurotransmitters involved in each division. This quiz covers essential concepts for understanding how the body responds to different stimuli.
