Smallpox and the Immune Response

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for smallpox infection?

  • Being a healthcare worker
  • Having a weak immune system
  • Working in a laboratory (correct)
  • Living in a crowded area

How does smallpox spread?

  • Through airborne droplets (correct)
  • Through direct contact with infected skin
  • Through mosquito bites
  • Through contaminated water

What happens when the Variola virus enters the body?

  • It causes secondary viremia (correct)
  • It replicates in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells
  • It invades the digestive system
  • It damages the lymph nodes

What are the complications of smallpox?

<p>Blindness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do the clinical manifestations of smallpox typically appear?

<p>10-14 days after exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is smallpox diagnosed?

<p>By detection of smallpox-specific IgM antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for smallpox?

<p>Supportive care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should post-exposure prophylaxis be given to someone exposed to smallpox?

<p>Within 24 hours of exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is routine vaccination for smallpox still carried out?

<p>No, routine vaccination has been discontinued (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the priority goals of care for a client diagnosed with smallpox?

<p>Prevent disease transmission and provide supportive care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes smallpox?

<p>Variola virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms associated with smallpox?

<p>Fever, malaise, headache, and back pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was smallpox successfully eradicated worldwide?

<p>1980 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the differentiation of white blood cells begin?

<p>Bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells defend against intracellular viruses, fungi, and tumor cells?

<p>T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a foreign antigen enters the body?

<p>It is engulfed and digested by antigen-presenting cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells help activate B cells to produce antibodies?

<p>T helper cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do antibodies do once they bind to affected cells?

<p>Enable natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells to recognize and destroy them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce cytokines that recruit neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells?

<p>Natural killer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were important risk factors for contracting smallpox before it was eradicated?

<p>Close contact with an infected client or contaminated surfaces, infancy, older age, and immunodeficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the smallpox rash?

<p>The rash appears in different stages of development at the same time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual duration of smallpox illness?

<p>3-4 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can be at risk for contracting smallpox nowadays?

<p>Healthcare workers and military personnel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is smallpox transmitted?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial symptoms of smallpox?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is smallpox diagnosed?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of nursing care for smallpox?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is a client with smallpox considered contagious?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mask should a client with smallpox wear when being transported?

<p>N95 mask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can smallpox be prevented from becoming airborne in the absence of an airborne infection isolation room?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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