Smallpox Epidemics and Impact

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the population would contract smallpox during epidemics?

  • 50 to 60% (correct)
  • 30 to 40%
  • 90 to 100%
  • 70 to 80%

What percentage of children under five years old died from smallpox in Berlin?

  • 75%
  • 98% (correct)
  • 90%
  • 50%

What was the method of spread for smallpox?

  • Through the air (correct)
  • Through contaminated water
  • Through insect bites
  • Through physical touch

What was the method of variolation?

<p>Placing pus from a smallpox blister under the skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Edward Jenner call his prevention method, and why?

<p>Vaccine, from the Latin for 'cow' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the British Medical Association initially refuse to publish Edward Jenner's findings?

<p>They were afraid to lose their livelihoods as variolators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the global campaign to eradicate smallpox begin?

<p>1967 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu observing variolation in Turkey?

<p>Her husband's appointment as ambassador to Turkey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did variolation have a higher success rate compared to natural smallpox infection?

<p>It entered the body through the skin rather than through the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of Edward Jenner's scientific experiments with children?

<p>He demonstrated that children could be immune to both cowpox and smallpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main cause of childbed fever in the First Division of the hospital?

<p>Disease carried by doctors from dissecting cadavers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did women prefer to give birth in the streets rather than be sent to the First Division of the hospital?

<p>They were afraid of catching infections from the doctors in the First Division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate effect of implementing hand washing with chlorinated limewater for doctors?

<p>The mortality rate lowered from 18% to less than 2%. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiated the practice of doctors from midwives in preventing childbed fever?

<p>Midwives were not allowed to perform dissections like doctors, preventing them from carrying disease to mothers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the rejection of Ignaz Semmelweis's theories by medical authorities of the time?

<p>They believed in the theory of 'basic humors' causing disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Semmelweis's ideas face rejection despite having empirical data on his side?

<p>He lacked a theoretical explanation to support his empirical data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Semmelweis's book, which he wrote in 1861?

<p>It received poor reviews and criticism from his opponents. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did doctors refuse to accept Semmelweis's idea that childbed fever was transmitted from one person to another?

<p>They believed that childbed fever was caused by an imbalance in 'basic humors'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Semmelweis face opposition from doctors for his radical ideas about disease transmission?

<p>Doctors were reluctant to accept that their practices were responsible for causing deaths. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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