History of Smallpox Inoculation
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with introducing the concept of vaccination by using cowpox virus to protect against smallpox?

  • Robert Koch
  • Emil von Behring
  • Louis Pasteur
  • Jenner (correct)

Which scientist observed that older bacterial cultures of Cholera bacillus and anthrax vaccines did not cause disease in chickens prior to exposure to open air?

  • Louis Pasteur
  • Elie Metchnikoff (correct)
  • Jules Bordet
  • Robert Koch

Who is known as the Father of Immunology and studied the 'chicken cholera bacillus'?

  • Paul Ehrlich
  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Emil von Behring
  • Robert Koch

Which scientist first proposed the Humoral theory of immunity?

<p>Paul Ehrlich (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the introduction of variolation in the Ottoman Empire take place?

<p>1883-1905 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity in 1894?

<p>Robert Kaus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the surgeon who inoculated James Phipps with material obtained from a cowpox lesion?

<p>Charles Maitland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary limitation of variolation with smallpox prior to the introduction of cowpox inoculation?

<p>High mortality/fatality rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated the efficacy of vaccination through cowpox inoculation after Charles Maitland's initial experiment?

<p>Edward Jenner (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of inoculating James Phipps with smallpox six weeks after his cowpox inoculation?

<p>The disease was not produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant contribution of Robert Koch in the field of immunology?

<p>Developing techniques for bacterial cultivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Edward Jenner use as a source for the material he used in his groundbreaking vaccination procedure?

<p>Cowpox lesion from a dairymaid's hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the historical significance of Lady Mary Wortley Montague in the field of immunization?

<p>She promoted variolation in England and had her daughter variolated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Royal Experiment conducted in China during the 10th century associated with?

<p>Intentional induction of immunity to an infectious disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common practice in the Ottoman Empire around 1670 related to immunization?

<p>Variolation using scabs from smallpox lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Lady Mary Wortley Montague contribute to the early understanding of immunity?

<p>Promoted variolation and witnessed its effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the variolation process as practiced in England and the Ottoman Empire?

<p>Using powdered scabs from smallpox lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the impact of variolation on public health from the text?

<p>Variolation significantly reduced smallpox mortality rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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