18 Questions
Who is credited with introducing the concept of vaccination by using cowpox virus to protect against smallpox?
Jenner
Which scientist observed that older bacterial cultures of Cholera bacillus and anthrax vaccines did not cause disease in chickens prior to exposure to open air?
Elie Metchnikoff
Who is known as the Father of Immunology and studied the 'chicken cholera bacillus'?
Louis Pasteur
Which scientist first proposed the Humoral theory of immunity?
Paul Ehrlich
In what year did the introduction of variolation in the Ottoman Empire take place?
1883-1905
Who demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity in 1894?
Robert Kaus
What was the name of the surgeon who inoculated James Phipps with material obtained from a cowpox lesion?
Charles Maitland
What was the primary limitation of variolation with smallpox prior to the introduction of cowpox inoculation?
High mortality/fatality rate
Who demonstrated the efficacy of vaccination through cowpox inoculation after Charles Maitland's initial experiment?
Edward Jenner
What was the outcome of inoculating James Phipps with smallpox six weeks after his cowpox inoculation?
The disease was not produced
What was the significant contribution of Robert Koch in the field of immunology?
Developing techniques for bacterial cultivation
What did Edward Jenner use as a source for the material he used in his groundbreaking vaccination procedure?
Cowpox lesion from a dairymaid's hand
What is the historical significance of Lady Mary Wortley Montague in the field of immunization?
She promoted variolation in England and had her daughter variolated.
What was the Royal Experiment conducted in China during the 10th century associated with?
Intentional induction of immunity to an infectious disease
What was a common practice in the Ottoman Empire around 1670 related to immunization?
Variolation using scabs from smallpox lesions
How did Lady Mary Wortley Montague contribute to the early understanding of immunity?
Promoted variolation and witnessed its effects
What was a key aspect of the variolation process as practiced in England and the Ottoman Empire?
Using powdered scabs from smallpox lesions
What can be inferred about the impact of variolation on public health from the text?
Variolation significantly reduced smallpox mortality rates.
Discover the history of smallpox inoculation, including the early experiments conducted by Charles Maitland in 1798. Learn about the first successful use of cowpox material to prevent smallpox, marking a significant advancement in medical science.
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