Sleep Cycle in Children and Older Adults
22 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main reason short-acting hypnotics are useful for achieving sleep?

  • They allow patients to awaken early in the morning without lingering side effects (correct)
  • They increase the duration of sleep cycles
  • They can be used as anxiolytics
  • They induce REM sleep within minutes

What is the classification of barbiturates under the Controlled Substances Act?

  • Schedule II for short-acting, Schedule III for intermediate-acting, and Schedule IV for long-acting (correct)
  • Schedule IV for short-acting and Schedule III for long-acting
  • Schedule I for short-acting and Schedule IV for long-acting
  • Schedule III for short-acting and Schedule II for long-acting

What is the term for residual drowsiness experienced after taking a hypnotic?

  • Dependence
  • Hangover (correct)
  • Rebound
  • Sedation

What is the purpose of monitoring vital signs in patients taking short-acting barbiturates?

<p>To monitor for respiratory depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for vivid dreams and nightmares that occur after taking a hypnotic?

<p>REM rebound (C), REM rebound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of secobarbital?

<p>Procedure sedation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the liver and body handle barbiturates?

<p>The liver bio-transforms them into active metabolites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate-acting barbiturate used for sustaining long periods of sleep?

<p>Butabarbital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of melatonin agonists?

<p>Selective targeting of melatonin receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with taking CNS depressants with nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics?

<p>Respiratory depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assessing baseline vital signs and laboratory tests in patients taking sedative-hypnotics?

<p>To establish a baseline for future comparisons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of ramelteon?

<p>Drowsiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of anesthetics?

<p>To alleviate pain and cause a loss of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with taking sedative-hypnotics for several days?

<p>Hangover side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of ramelteon?

<p>1-2.6 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assessing a patient's sleep disturbance?

<p>To identify the underlying cause of insomnia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep do children experience the least?

<p>REM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mildest form of CNS depression?

<p>Sedation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High doses of sedative-hypnotics can suppress which part of the brain leading to respiratory depression?

<p>Medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these drugs is categorized under anorexiants?

<p>Phendimetrazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common side effect can result from taking barbiturates, although it is rare?

<p>Skin rashes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are barbiturates less frequently prescribed now?

<p>They have many side effects and a high potential for dependency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Barbiturates

  • Classified under the Controlled Substances Act: Schedule II for short-acting, Schedule III for intermediate-acting, and Schedule IV for long-acting hypnotics
  • Long-acting group includes Phenobarbital and Mephobarbital, used to control seizures in epilepsy
  • Intermediate-acting barbiturates, such as Butabarbital, are useful as sleep sustainers for maintaining long periods of sleep

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

  • Hangover: residual drowsiness, impaired reaction time due to lingering active metabolites in the body
  • REM Rebound: vivid dreams and nightmares, occurs after taking a hypnotic, especially after prolonged use and abrupt stopping

Pharmacokinetics

  • Liver bio transforms hypnotics into active metabolites that persist in the body, causing drowsiness

Nursing Process: Patient-Centered Care

  • Assess baseline vital signs and laboratory tests for future comparisons
  • Obtain a drug history, especially CNS depressants with nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics that can depress respirations
  • Ascertain the patient’s problem with sleep disturbance

Melatonin Agonists

  • Act by selectively targeting melatonin receptors to regulate circadian rhythms in the treatment of insomnia
  • Ramelteon: has a half-life of 1 to 2.6 hours, with adverse effects including drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, headache, nausea, and suicidal ideation

Anesthetics

  • Classified as general and local, depress the CNS, alleviate pain, and cause a loss of consciousness
  • First anesthetic, nitrous oxide (“laughing gas”), was used for surgery in the early 1800s

Children and Older Adults Sleep Cycle

  • Children: few REM sleep periods, longer periods of stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep
  • Older adults: decrease in stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep, frequent waking periods

Sedative-Hypnotics

  • Treatment of sleep disorders
  • High doses can suppress the respiratory center in the medulla, causing respiratory depression
  • Hypersensitivity: skin rashes and urticaria can result from taking barbiturates

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers the differences in sleep cycles between children and older adults, including the stages of NREM sleep and the effects of sleep disorders.

More Like This

Sleep Stages and Cycles
10 questions

Sleep Stages and Cycles

StrongestSydneyOperaHouse avatar
StrongestSydneyOperaHouse
Sleep Cycles: NREM and REM Stages
14 questions
Sleep and Its Importance
33 questions

Sleep and Its Importance

AudibleFresno2256 avatar
AudibleFresno2256
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser