10 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of Stage 3: NREM (Deep Sleep)?
Brain waves slow down to delta waves, and restoration and recovery occur
Most people experience 5-7 cycles of sleep per night.
False
The Integrated Information Theory (IIT) suggests that consciousness arises from the integrated information generated by the causal interactions within the _______________________.
brain
What is insomnia?
Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
Match the following sleep disorders with their descriptions:
Insomnia = Pauses in breathing during sleep Sleep Apnea = Difficulty falling or staying asleep Narcolepsy = Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden attacks of sleep
What is the primary characteristic of a hypnotic trance-like state?
Heightened suggestibility
The Global Workspace Theory (GWT) suggests that consciousness arises from the integrated information generated by the causal interactions within the brain.
False
What is cognitive consciousness?
Awareness of thoughts, feelings, and memories.
The primary characteristic of meditation is an altered state of _______________________.
consciousness
What is the primary characteristic of Stage 4: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep?
Brain waves are similar to wakefulness, and paralysis occurs to prevent acting out dreams
Study Notes
Sleep
Stages of Sleep
- Stage 1: NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement): Light sleep, easy to wake up, brain waves slow down
- Stage 2: NREM: Body temperature drops, heart rate slows down, brain waves slow down further
- Stage 3: NREM (Deep Sleep): Difficult to wake up, brain waves slow down to delta waves, restoration and recovery occur
- Stage 4: REM (Rapid Eye Movement): Brain waves similar to wakefulness, vivid dreams, paralysis to prevent acting out dreams
Sleep Cycles
- 90-120 minutes per cycle: Each cycle consists of stages 1-4, with each cycle becoming progressively lighter
- 3-5 cycles per night: Most people experience 3-5 cycles, with each cycle lasting around 90-120 minutes
Sleep Disorders
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep
- Sleep Apnea: Pauses in breathing during sleep
- Narcolepsy: Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden attacks of sleep
Consciousness
Definition
- State of awareness: Perceiving, processing, and responding to internal and external stimuli
Theories of Consciousness
- Integrated Information Theory (IIT): Consciousness arises from the integrated information generated by the causal interactions within the brain
- Global Workspace Theory (GWT): Consciousness arises from the global workspace of the brain, where information is integrated and made available for processing
Levels of Consciousness
- Sensory consciousness: Awareness of sensory information
- Cognitive consciousness: Awareness of thoughts, feelings, and memories
- Transcendental consciousness: Higher states of consciousness, such as spiritual or mystical experiences
Altered States of Consciousness
- Hypnosis: Trance-like state, heightened suggestibility
- Mediation: Altered state of consciousness, focused attention, and reduced cortical activity
- Psychedelic experiences: Altered state of consciousness, altered perception, and thought patterns
Sleep
Stages of Sleep
- Light sleep in Stage 1: NREM allows for easy wake-up, with brain waves slowing down
- In Stage 2: NREM, body temperature drops, and heart rate slows down, with brain waves slowing down further
- Stage 3: NREM (Deep Sleep) is characterized by difficult wake-up, delta brain waves, and restoration and recovery
- Stage 4: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) features brain waves similar to wakefulness, vivid dreams, and paralysis to prevent acting out dreams
Sleep Cycles
- Each cycle lasts 90-120 minutes, consisting of stages 1-4, with each cycle becoming progressively lighter
- Most people experience 3-5 cycles per night, with each cycle lasting around 90-120 minutes
Sleep Disorders
- Insomnia involves difficulty falling or staying asleep
- Sleep Apnea is marked by pauses in breathing during sleep
- Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, with sudden attacks of sleep
Consciousness
Definition
- Consciousness is the state of awareness, perceiving, processing, and responding to internal and external stimuli
Theories of Consciousness
- Integrated Information Theory (IIT) suggests consciousness arises from integrated information generated by the brain's causal interactions
- Global Workspace Theory (GWT) posits consciousness arises from the brain's global workspace, where information is integrated and made available for processing
Levels of Consciousness
- Sensory consciousness involves awareness of sensory information
- Cognitive consciousness involves awareness of thoughts, feelings, and memories
- Transcendental consciousness involves higher states of consciousness, such as spiritual or mystical experiences
Altered States of Consciousness
- Hypnosis is a trance-like state with heightened suggestibility
- Meditation involves an altered state of consciousness, focused attention, and reduced cortical activity
- Psychedelic experiences involve an altered state of consciousness, altered perception, and thought patterns
Learn about the different stages of sleep, including NREM and REM, and their characteristics. Understand the changes in brain waves, body temperature, and heart rate during sleep.
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