Questions and Answers
What is the estimated overall incidence of SLE per 100,000 people?
1.8 to 7.6
How much more frequently does SLE occur in women compared to men?
4 to 12 times
Which ethnic group is more susceptible to SLE?
African Americans
What is the main mechanism responsible for the clinical manifestations of SLE?
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Which type of lupus is mentioned as an alternative to SLE?
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What is overexpressed in SLE and helps in the overproduction of antibodies?
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What is the initial trigger for SLE?
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What is the estimated incidence of SLE in women compared to men?
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Which organ in the body does SLE affect?
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What is the other form of adult lupus mentioned in the text?
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What is the significance of papular, erythematous, and purpuric lesions developing on the fingertips, elbows, toes, and extensor surfaces of the forearms or lateral sides of the hand?
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What is the significance of joint swelling, tenderness, warmth, pain on movement, stiffness, and edema in the context of the assessment?
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What is the significance of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test in the context of the assessment?
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What is the significance of abnormal lung sounds in the cardiovascular assessment?
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What is the significance of a positive anti-DNA test in the laboratory assessment?
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What is the significance of pleural effusions and infiltrations in the context of the assessment?
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What is the significance of signs of depression and reports of seizures, chorea, or other central nervous system manifestations in the neurologic assessment?
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What is the significance of the anti-Sm antibody test in the laboratory assessment?
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What is the significance of the CBC revealing anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, or leukopenia?
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What is the significance of auscultation for pericardial friction rub in the cardiovascular assessment?
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What is hypothesized to play a role in SLE predisposition?
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Which body system is NOT commonly affected by SLE?
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What is a common cutaneous manifestation in SLE patients?
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What is a common symptom of SLE?
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What is a common cardiac manifestation of SLE?
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What may renal involvement in SLE lead to?
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What is a common musculoskeletal symptom in SLE patients?
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What is implicated in SLE onset as an environmental trigger?
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What is the main attributed cause of immunoregulatory disturbance in SLE?
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What is a characteristic of central nervous system involvement in SLE?
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Study Notes
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Overview
- Immunoregulatory disturbance in SLE is attributed to genetic, immunologic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
- Multiple genes are implicated in SLE development, with the majority of cases being sporadic and unrelated to family history.
- Female sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are hypothesized to play a role in SLE predisposition.
- Environmental triggers such as cigarette smoke, ultraviolet rays, medications, viral infections, and emotional stress are implicated in SLE onset.
- SLE is an autoimmune, systemic disease that can affect any body system, with chronic states and acute flares.
- Common symptoms of SLE include fever, fatigue, skin rashes, and joint pain and swelling.
- Mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, renal, nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems are most commonly affected by SLE.
- Up to 85% of SLE patients experience some form of cutaneous manifestation, including subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid rash.
- Joint pain and swelling occur in over 90% of SLE patients, often accompanied by morning stiffness.
- Cardiac manifestations of SLE include pericarditis, myocarditis, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and valvular incompetence.
- Renal involvement, known as lupus nephritis, may lead to hypertension and requires careful monitoring and management.
- Central nervous system involvement in SLE encompasses a wide range of neurologic diseases, including psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures, neuropathies, and strokes.
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