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Questions and Answers
What is the estimated overall incidence of SLE per 100,000 people?
What is the estimated overall incidence of SLE per 100,000 people?
- 7.6 to 10.0
- 10.0 to 15.0
- 15.0 to 20.0
- 1.8 to 7.6 (correct)
How much more frequently does SLE occur in women compared to men?
How much more frequently does SLE occur in women compared to men?
- 12 to 16 times
- 1 to 3 times
- 4 to 12 times (correct)
- 20 to 25 times
Which ethnic group experiences SLE more often than White Americans?
Which ethnic group experiences SLE more often than White Americans?
- Hispanic Americans
- Asian Americans
- African Americans (correct)
- European Americans
What type of lupus is mentioned as an alternative to SLE?
What type of lupus is mentioned as an alternative to SLE?
What is the initial trigger for SLE according to the text?
What is the initial trigger for SLE according to the text?
Which cytokine is overexpressed in SLE and helps B cells to overproduce antibodies?
Which cytokine is overexpressed in SLE and helps B cells to overproduce antibodies?
What do the antibodies and antigens form in SLE?
What do the antibodies and antigens form in SLE?
Where do the antigen–antibody complexes have the propensity to get trapped in SLE?
Where do the antigen–antibody complexes have the propensity to get trapped in SLE?
What is thought to be responsible for the majority of the clinical manifestations of SLE?
What is thought to be responsible for the majority of the clinical manifestations of SLE?
What is the main effect of the antibodies in SLE?
What is the main effect of the antibodies in SLE?
What is the significance of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test in patients with SLE?
What is the significance of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test in patients with SLE?
Which antibody is highly specific to SLE and helps differentiate it from drug-induced lupus?
Which antibody is highly specific to SLE and helps differentiate it from drug-induced lupus?
What does the development of anti-DNA antibody in SLE indicate?
What does the development of anti-DNA antibody in SLE indicate?
What physical manifestations suggest vascular involvement in SLE?
What physical manifestations suggest vascular involvement in SLE?
What does a positive anti-Sm antibody test indicate in SLE?
What does a positive anti-Sm antibody test indicate in SLE?
What may be detected on physical examination in SLE patients indicating joint involvement?
What may be detected on physical examination in SLE patients indicating joint involvement?
What is the significance of abnormal lung sounds in SLE patients?
What is the significance of abnormal lung sounds in SLE patients?
What is indicated by the presence of pleural effusions and infiltrations in SLE?
What is indicated by the presence of pleural effusions and infiltrations in SLE?
What is the significance of joint involvement in SLE?
What is the significance of joint involvement in SLE?
What is the significance of identifying and describing any central nervous system changes in SLE patients?
What is the significance of identifying and describing any central nervous system changes in SLE patients?
Which system is NOT commonly affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Which system is NOT commonly affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
What percentage of SLE patients experience joint pain and swelling?
What percentage of SLE patients experience joint pain and swelling?
Which type of skin manifestation is common in SLE patients?
Which type of skin manifestation is common in SLE patients?
What is the main characteristic of renal involvement in SLE?
What is the main characteristic of renal involvement in SLE?
What is believed to contribute to the immunoregulatory disturbance in SLE?
What is believed to contribute to the immunoregulatory disturbance in SLE?
What is the role of female sex hormones in the predisposition to SLE?
What is the role of female sex hormones in the predisposition to SLE?
Which environmental trigger is implicated in the onset of SLE?
Which environmental trigger is implicated in the onset of SLE?
What is the main method for diagnosing SLE?
What is the main method for diagnosing SLE?
What is the characteristic of central nervous system involvement in SLE?
What is the characteristic of central nervous system involvement in SLE?
What is the term for the chronic states and acute flares experienced by SLE patients?
What is the term for the chronic states and acute flares experienced by SLE patients?
Study Notes
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and its Manifestations
- SLE is an autoimmune disease affecting any body system, with chronic states and acute flares.
- Symptoms include fever, fatigue, skin rashes, joint pain, and swelling, affecting mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, renal, nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems.
- Up to 85% of SLE patients experience cutaneous manifestations, such as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and discoid rash.
- Joint pain and swelling occur in over 90% of SLE patients, accompanied by morning stiffness.
- Cardiac manifestations, including pericarditis, myocarditis, hypertension, arrhythmias, and valvular incompetence, are common in SLE.
- Renal involvement, known as lupus nephritis, is characterized by antibody and immune complex buildup, leading to damage to the nephrons and potential hypertension.
- Central nervous system involvement presents a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures, neuropathies, transverse myelitis, and strokes.
- Diagnosis of SLE is based on a complete history, physical examination, and blood tests, with special focus on skin changes, sensitivity to sunlight, and ulcerations in the mouth and throat.
- Genetic, immunologic, hormonal, and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the immunoregulatory disturbance in SLE.
- Multiple genes are likely implicated in the development of SLE, with most cases being sporadic and unrelated to family medical history.
- Female sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are hypothesized to play a role in the predisposition to SLE.
- Exogenous or environmental triggers, such as cigarette smoke, ultraviolet rays, certain medications, viral infections, emotional stress, and silica dust exposure, are also implicated in the onset of SLE.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and its diverse manifestations with this quiz. Explore the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and factors contributing to this complex autoimmune disease.
