Slavery in Brazil vs Spanish America
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Questions and Answers

Who were more likely to be emancipated in Brazil according to the text?

  • Bi-racial slaves
  • Males
  • Slavers
  • Females (correct)
  • What was a common criterion for emancipation by slavers?

  • Being male
  • Being bi-racial (correct)
  • Being disobedient
  • Lighter skin color
  • What did some slaves do after purchasing their own freedom?

  • Remained enslaved
  • Purchased more slaves
  • Became small landowners (correct)
  • Moved to Spanish America
  • In which part of Latin America did free people of color outnumber the enslaved population by 1800?

    <p>Cuba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common practice in Brazil related to the emancipation of mistresses and illegitimate children by slavers?

    <p>Emancipating them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who could free men and women purchase after being emancipated?

    <p>More slaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were Africans stereotyped by slave owners?

    <p>As cowardly and lazy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the justification used for slavery in terms of the slaves' religious beliefs?

    <p>Slaves were considered 'backward' heathens in need of civilizing tutors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What played a more significant role in determining the treatment of slaves according to the text?

    <p>Economic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was the percentage of white population compared to slaves in Suriname according to Harry Hoetink's study?

    <p>Whites were only 7% of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crop was believed to require forced labor for cultivation according to the text?

    <p>Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were Africans generally viewed in terms of their ability to handle intensive work on plantations?

    <p>Viewed as better suited and robust compared to Indians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main impetus behind British antislavery policies in the 19th century?

    <p>Religious reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did England play a significant role in the abolition of slavery in the early 19th century?

    <p>Religious reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the rise of abolitionist movements according to the text?

    <p>Enlightenment thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is credited with altering and accelerating the transition to freedom according to Rebecca Scott (2000)?

    <p>Enslaved Haitians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the profitability of slavery in the early 19th century?

    <p>It remained profitable despite previous beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a glaring contradiction that Enlightenment thought posed according to the text?

    <p>Advocating for equal rights for all men but justifying slavery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Masters and Slaves differ in terms of attire and possessions?

    <p>The Masters wore finery while the Slaves were stripped and naked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Antonio de Vieira, S.J., and other Jesuits speak out against?

    <p>Mistreatment of slaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vieira, why should baptized slaves be thankful?

    <p>They were now Christians and had the chance to enter heaven.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Vieira believe was a miraculous transformation for the black people taken to Brazil?

    <p>Their exile, captivity, and misery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Vieira and other Jesuits believe that slaves should serve their masters faithfully?

    <p>Because they were now Christians and could enter heaven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Vieira question regarding the treatment of African people according to God's creation?

    <p>Their predestination to two hells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Spanish word for 'runaway slave'?

    <p>Cimarrón</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered a hero in Brazil?

    <p>Zumbi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word was used in Portuguese for 'runaway slave community'?

    <p>Quilombo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the English word for 'runaway slave'?

    <p>Maroon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emancipation in Brazil

    • Individuals more likely to be emancipated included skilled laborers and those who had made significant contributions to their owners.
    • A common criterion for emancipation by slavers was the purchase of freedom by enslaved individuals, often after accumulating savings over time.

    Post-Emancipation

    • After purchasing their own freedom, some former slaves became landowners, artisans, or entered into trades to support themselves economically.

    Free People of Color

    • By 1800, free people of color outnumbered the enslaved population in the Caribbean Islands.

    Emancipation Practices

    • In Brazil, slavers often granted emancipation to illegitimate children of their mistresses, reflecting a practice where social and personal relationships influenced the decision.

    Purchases Post-Emancipation

    • Free men and women frequently purchased family members or friends after being emancipated, aiming to reunite or safeguard their loved ones.

    Stereotyping of Africans

    • Slave owners stereotyped Africans as being physically suited for labor but inferior in terms of intellect and temperament.

    Religious Justifications for Slavery

    • Justifications for slavery included claims that African slaves were pagans who would benefit spiritually from conversion to Christianity.

    Treatment of Slaves

    • The treatment of slaves was influenced more significantly by economic interests and profit motives than by any moral or ethical considerations.

    Suriname's Demographics

    • Harry Hoetink's study revealed that the white population in Suriname was considerably smaller than the enslaved population, highlighting a demographic imbalance.

    Crops and Labor

    • Sugarcane was identified as the primary crop believed to necessitate forced labor for viable production levels.

    Perception of African Labor

    • Africans were generally perceived as resilient and capable of enduring the rigorous demands of plantation work.

    British Antislavery Impetus

    • The main impetus behind British antislavery policies in the 19th century was a growing moral awareness coupled with changing economic interests.

    England's Role in Abolition

    • England played a critical role in the early 19th-century abolition of slavery, significantly influenced by increasing public pressure and abolitionist organization efforts.

    Rise of Abolitionist Movements

    • Contributing factors to the rise of abolitionist movements included the moral arguments against slavery and testimonies from formerly enslaved individuals.

    Significant Groups

    • Abolitionists, including formerly enslaved people and sympathetic white allies, are credited with altering and accelerating the transition to freedom.

    Profitability of Slavery

    • The profitability of slavery in the early 19th century was often contested, as some suggested decreasing returns due to revolts and resistance.

    Enlightenment Contradictions

    • Enlightenment thought presented glaring contradictions regarding human rights and the justification of slavery, emphasizing the tension between liberty and exploitation.

    Attire and Possessions

    • Masters typically had more elaborate attire and possessions, contrasting sharply with the minimal clothing and belongings of slaves.

    Jesuit Activism

    • Antonio de Vieira, S.J., along with other Jesuits, spoke out against the moral injustices of slavery and advocated for better treatment of enslaved individuals.

    Vieira's Perspective on Baptized Slaves

    • Vieira suggested that baptized slaves should be thankful for their conversion and the hope it offered for spiritual salvation.

    Beliefs about Transformation

    • Vieira viewed the arrival of black individuals in Brazil as a miraculous transformation, framing it within the context of divine purpose.

    Faithfulness to Masters

    • Jesuits, including Vieira, believed that slaves should serve their masters faithfully, arguing it was part of God’s divine order for society.

    Treatment Philosophy

    • Vieira questioned the ethicality of the treatment of African people in light of creation, advocating for recognition of their dignity.

    Terminology

    • The Spanish word for 'runaway slave' is "cimarrón."
    • "Zumbi dos Palmares" is celebrated as a hero in Brazil.
    • In Portuguese, "quilombo" refers to a 'runaway slave community.'
    • The English word for 'runaway slave' is "fugitive."

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    Description

    Learn about the unique characteristics of slavery in Brazil compared to Spanish America, including the prevalence of small-scale slave owners from various backgrounds. Explore how slavery persisted in Brazil until 1830, making it the largest slave economy in the world.

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