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Questions and Answers
In the PA projection of the skull, where should the patient's forehead and nose be positioned?
What is the CR angulation for the modified Caldwell method (PA axial projection) of the skull?
In the AP axial projection of the skull, how does the image of the orbits compare to the PA axial projection?
What position is suitable for the true/original Caldwell method of skull projection?
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In which projection of the skull is the petrous pyramid completely filling the orbits?
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What is the CR angulation for the AP projection of the skull?
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Which method is recommended for obtaining an image of the sellar structures within the foramen magnum on hypersthenic and obese patients?
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In which projection does the patient need to be in the dorsal decubitus position with the MSP perpendicular to the IR, and the CR directed horizontally for traumatic sphenoid sinus effusion?
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Which projection involves the patient being supine with the OML/IOML and MSP perpendicular to the IR, and the CR angled 30° caudad (OML ⊥) or 37° caudad (IOML ⊥)?
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For which patient condition or situation is the Schuller/Pfeiffer method (Submentovertical projection) strongly recommended?
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Which projection requires the patient to be prone, with the MSP and OML perpendicular to the IR, forehead and nose against the table, and the IR center 1 inch to nasion?
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In which projection does the patient need to be in the supine or seated upright position, with IOML parallel to the IR, MSP perpendicular to the IR, and head rested on vertex, neck hyperextended?
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In which projection does the patient need to be prone, with chin fully extended, MSP perpendicular to IR, and CR directed anterior to EAM?
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Which of these projections is not specifically recommended for a pathologic condition, trauma, or deformity?
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Which projection requires a 25° cephalad angle to OML for obtaining an image of sellar structures?
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For which condition or situation is the Schuller/Pfeiffer method (Submentovertical projection) recommended?
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Study Notes
Skull Projections
- In the PA projection of the skull, the patient's forehead and nose should be positioned against the IR.
- The CR angulation for the modified Caldwell method (PA axial projection) of the skull is 15°-20° caudad.
- In the AP axial projection of the skull, the image of the orbits appears smaller compared to the PA axial projection.
- The true/original Caldwell method of skull projection requires the patient to be positioned with the OML perpendicular to the IR and the CR directed 15°-20° caudad.
- In the PA axial projection, the petrous pyramid completely fills the orbits.
- The CR angulation for the AP projection of the skull is 10°-15° cephalad.
- The AP axial projection is recommended for obtaining an image of the sellar structures within the foramen magnum on hypersthenic and obese patients.
- The dorsal decubitus position with the MSP perpendicular to the IR and the CR directed horizontally is suitable for traumatic sphenoid sinus effusion.
- The Submentoaxial projection involves the patient being supine with the OML/IOML and MSP perpendicular to the IR, and the CR angled 30° caudad (OML ⊥) or 37° caudad (IOML ⊥).
- The Schuller/Pfeiffer method (Submentovertical projection) is strongly recommended for sinusitis and nasal bone fractures.
- The PA axial projection requires the patient to be prone, with the MSP and OML perpendicular to the IR, forehead and nose against the table, and the IR center 1 inch to nasion.
- The AP axial projection requires the patient to be in the supine or seated upright position, with IOML parallel to the IR, MSP perpendicular to the IR, and head rested on vertex, neck hyperextended.
- The Axial projection requires the patient to be prone, with chin fully extended, MSP perpendicular to IR, and CR directed anterior to EAM.
- The Submentoaxial projection is not specifically recommended for a pathologic condition, trauma, or deformity.
- The AP axial projection requires a 25° cephalad angle to OML for obtaining an image of sellar structures.
- The Schuller/Pfeiffer method (Submentovertical projection) is recommended for sinusitis and nasal bone fractures.
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Description
Test your knowledge of skull radiographic projections with this quiz. Learn about the positioning, centering, and structures visible in PA, AP, and modified Caldwell method projections.
