Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of injury can occur to the orofacial soft tissues, facial skeleton, teeth, and associated specialized soft tissues?
What type of injury can occur to the orofacial soft tissues, facial skeleton, teeth, and associated specialized soft tissues?
- Orofacial deformity
- Maxillofacial injury
- Traumatic injury (correct)
- Wounding or external violence
Which type of fracture involves enamel and dentine, but not the pulp?
Which type of fracture involves enamel and dentine, but not the pulp?
- Enamel fracture
- Enamel–dentine fracture (correct)
- Enamel infraction
- Complicated crown fracture
What type of radiograph is useful for demonstrating root fractures that are minimally displaced?
What type of radiograph is useful for demonstrating root fractures that are minimally displaced?
- Multiple periapical radiographs (correct)
- Panoramic radiograph
- Periapical radiograph
- Lateral extraoral radiograph
Where are fractures of the alveolar process commonly found?
Where are fractures of the alveolar process commonly found?
What type of injury can lead to orofacial deformity and malfunction?
What type of injury can lead to orofacial deformity and malfunction?
What is the ideal number of radiographs to obtain for each traumatized tooth?
What is the ideal number of radiographs to obtain for each traumatized tooth?
What type of fracture involves enamel, coronal and radicular dentine, and cementum?
What type of fracture involves enamel, coronal and radicular dentine, and cementum?
What type of radiograph is useful for demonstrating the location of the fracture if some bone displacement has occurred?
What type of radiograph is useful for demonstrating the location of the fracture if some bone displacement has occurred?
What is the primary use of the Submentovertex (SMV) projection?
What is the primary use of the Submentovertex (SMV) projection?
Which projection is best suited to view 'sinuses'?
Which projection is best suited to view 'sinuses'?
What is the main purpose of the Reverse Towne Projection?
What is the main purpose of the Reverse Towne Projection?
What type of projection is used to evaluate the ramus from the angle of the mandible to the condyl?
What type of projection is used to evaluate the ramus from the angle of the mandible to the condyl?
What is the purpose of the Mandibular body projection?
What is the purpose of the Mandibular body projection?
What type of projection is used to assess the presence of unerupted teeth?
What type of projection is used to assess the presence of unerupted teeth?
What is unique about the Bimolar view?
What is unique about the Bimolar view?
Which projection is used to evaluate jaw lesions?
Which projection is used to evaluate jaw lesions?
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Study Notes
Craniofacial and Skull Projections
- Submentovertex (SMV) or Base Projection: displays the base of the skull, zygomatic arches fracture, sphenoid sinuses, hard palate, and mandible
- Waters (Occipitomental) Projection: best for viewing sinuses, displays maxillary sinuses, orbital ridges and floor, frontal and ethmoid sinuses, and nasal cavity and midfacial fractures
- Reverse Towne Projection: evaluates patients with suspected fractures of the condyle and condylar neck, shows the posterolateral wall of the maxillary antrum
- Lateral Oblique Projection: assesses presence of unerupted teeth, fractures of the mandible, and evaluation of jaw lesions
- Mandibular ramus projection: views the ramus from the angle of the mandible to the condyl
- Mandibular body projection: demonstrates the premolar-molar region and the inferior border of the mandible
- Bimolar view: views both sides of the mandible in one film
Traumatic Injuries
- Oral and maxillofacial injuries: refer to injuries of the orofacial soft tissues, facial skeleton, teeth, and associated specialized soft tissues
- Can lead to orofacial deformity and malfunction, greatly diminishing quality of life and worker productivity
Traumatic Injury to Teeth
- Enamel infraction: incomplete fracture of the enamel without loss of tooth substance
- Enamel fracture: fracture with loss of enamel only
- Enamel–dentine fracture: fracture with loss of enamel and dentine, but not involving the pulp
- Complicated crown fracture: fracture involving enamel and dentine, and exposing the pulp
- Crown–root fracture: fracture involving enamel, coronal and radicular dentine, and cementum
- Root fracture: fracture involving radicular dentine cementum and the pulp
Radiographic Evaluation
- Radiographic evaluation of dentoalveolar injuries should include a panoramic radiograph and periapical radiograph of involved teeth
- Radiographic examination reveals the stage of root formation and discloses injuries affecting root portion of the tooth and periodontal structures
- Multiple periapical radiographs taken at different angles demonstrate root fractures that are minimally displaced
- Ideally, three different radiographs from different angles should be obtained for each traumatized tooth
Fractures of the Alveolar Process
- Fractures of the alveolar process are found predominantly in the anterior teeth and the premolar region
- Injuries may be isolated or may be seen in conjunction with traumatic injuries to teeth
- Radiographic Features
- Fracture is readily identified in the intraoral periapical radiograph
- Lateral extraoral radiographs best demonstrate the location of the fracture if some bone displacement has occurred
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