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Questions and Answers
How does Skinner suggest behaviorism plays a role in first language acquisition?
In the context of classroom rules, how is positive behavior encouraged according to the text?
What is emphasized as the main benefit of Skinner's theory in teaching?
How can behaviorism be effectively utilized in the classroom environment?
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What does Skinner's theory imply about the influence of rewards and punishments?
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How does Skinner view the relationship between organization and applying incentives?
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What is a key component of ensuring smooth operation in a classroom environment according to the text?
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'New teachers' are advised to consider which aspect of Skinner's theory for classroom management?
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'People respond to rewards and punishments,' according to the text. How does this statement relate to language learners?
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'The only real necessity is that the incentives be applied habitually and predictably.' What does this imply about maintaining a conducive classroom environment?
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Study Notes
Behaviorism in Language Development
- Behaviorism in the classroom assumes the role of controller of learner behavior, deciding what is appropriate and how to deal with inappropriate behavior.
- Skinner's theory of language development is based on a structure of reward and punishment, where rewards and punishments reinforce certain types of good or bad behavior.
- People tend to repeat actions that lead to pleasure, while avoiding actions that lead to discomfort, known as conditioning or creating a habit.
- In first language acquisition, children speak "nonsense" words, which are not rewarded, but when they mimic the language of their parents, they are rewarded.
Key Points of Behaviorism
- Constant and consistent reinforcement of the rules is required to make it work properly.
- Good behavior must be rewarded, while bad behavior must be either ignored or punished without delay.
- The theory provides the theoretical support behind practices such as Behavioral Intervention Plans and learner contracts.
Choice Theory: The Glasser Model
- The Glasser Model views the role of teachers as helpers of those in their learning environment.
- The idea behind it is that all behavior is an issue of choice, and teachers should facilitate the making of good decisions.
- Teachers create environments and curricula that cultivate appropriate behavior through meeting learners' needs for belonging and empowerment.
Key Points of Choice Theory
- Classroom rules and their enforcement remain a key factor in making learners responsible for their behavior choices.
- Discussion, reflection, and making amends are positively encouraged, rather than the administering of simple rewards and punishments.
- Choice Theory is designed to assist learners in understanding the motivations behind their behavior, so that they might learn to make better choices.
Applying Skinner's Ideas in Class
- Classroom rules agreed upon by the teacher and learner can be used to encourage positive behavior through rewards and discourage negative behavior through negative consequences.
- The consistent application of these policies can lead to a smoothly operating classroom.
Benefits of Behaviorism
- The main benefit of Skinner's theory is that it's extremely simple and easy to apply.
- People, including language learners, respond to rewards and punishments, especially over time.
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Description
Explore the relationship between behaviorism and language development, with a focus on B.F. Skinner's theories. Understand how behaviorism shapes the control of learner behavior in educational settings and its impact on language acquisition.
