Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common feature of McCune-Albright Syndrome?
What is a common feature of McCune-Albright Syndrome?
- Fibro-osseous lesions in a single bone
- Fibro-osseous lesions in more than one bone (correct)
- Café-au-lait skin pigmentation on the face only
- Absence of endocrinal disorders
What is the cause of Post-inflammatory pigmentation?
What is the cause of Post-inflammatory pigmentation?
- Drug use
- Genetic diseases
- Smoking
- Inflammation or injury (correct)
What is a symptom of some genetic diseases?
What is a symptom of some genetic diseases?
- Café-au-lait macules on the face only
- Multiple light brown skin spots (correct)
- Single dark skin spot
- White lesion on the lips
What can cause enlargement of the mandibular canal?
What can cause enlargement of the mandibular canal?
What is a characteristic of Café-au-lait spots?
What is a characteristic of Café-au-lait spots?
What can cause lower lip numbness?
What can cause lower lip numbness?
What can stimulate melanocytes?
What can stimulate melanocytes?
What is the term for the pigmentation that occurs in response to smoking?
What is the term for the pigmentation that occurs in response to smoking?
What is the primary function of melanin in the nuclei of keratinocytes?
What is the primary function of melanin in the nuclei of keratinocytes?
What is the classification of pigmentation characterized by increased melanin production?
What is the classification of pigmentation characterized by increased melanin production?
What is the name of the condition that occurs in dark-skinned individuals due to tobacco stimulation?
What is the name of the condition that occurs in dark-skinned individuals due to tobacco stimulation?
What is the term for the mask of pregnancy that involves facial skin and perioral regions?
What is the term for the mask of pregnancy that involves facial skin and perioral regions?
What is the characteristic of the lesions of melanotic pigmentation?
What is the characteristic of the lesions of melanotic pigmentation?
What is the effect of certain drugs on oral pigmentation?
What is the effect of certain drugs on oral pigmentation?
What is the difference between the number of melanocytes in white and dark people?
What is the difference between the number of melanocytes in white and dark people?
What is the characteristic of the pigmentation that occurs in response to certain drugs?
What is the characteristic of the pigmentation that occurs in response to certain drugs?
Study Notes
Mucosa Pigmentation
- The mal pink color of the mucosa is due to light passing through the translucent epithelium, striking the capillary bed in the connective tissue, and reflecting back.
- Melanocytes reside in the basal cell layer and produce melanin in melanosomes, which is then transferred to keratinocytes to protect their nuclei from actinic radiation.
Classification of Pigmentation
- There are two types of pigmentation: melanotic and non-melanotic.
Melanotic Pigmentation
- Caused by increased melanin production, which can be classified into two categories: diffuse/multifocal and focal.
Diffuse/Multifocal Melanotic Pigmentation
- Can be physiologic (racial) and occurs in dark-skinned individuals, resulting in brown macules on the facial gingiva, lingual gingiva, and tongue.
- Can be caused by smoking, leading to smoker's melanosis, which is characterized by small, bilateral, and brown macules on the buccal mucosa.
- Can be drug-induced, resulting in macules of oral melanosis that may be diffuse, localized, or multifocal.
- Examples of drugs that can cause drug-induced melanosis include antimalarials, oral contraceptives, and certain medications used to treat autoimmune diseases.
Focal Melanotic Pigmentation
- Can be a symptom of certain genetic diseases, such as café-au-lait spots.
- Café-au-lait spots are characteristic of McCune-Albright Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis Type I.
Post-Inflammatory (Inflammatory) Pigmentation
- Occurs in areas that have been subjected to previous injury or inflammation.
- Can occur in conjunction with oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions, and may subside after resolution of the lesions.
Endocrinopathy
- Can affect melanin production, as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) have a direct stimulatory action on melanocytes.
- Cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, has a normal function in regulating melanin production.
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of skin pigmentation, including the role of melanocytes, melanin, and Keratinocytes in protecting the skin from actinic radiation. Understand the classification of pigmentation and more.
