Skin Anatomy and Physiology Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is a pore?

A hair follicle

A type of skin infection

A type of skin disease

Tiny opening on the surface of the skin (correct)

What is paronychium?

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border.

What is melanin?

Skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis.

What is keratin?

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Oil-secreting gland in the dermis associated with hair follicles. Signup and view all the answers

What is sebum?

Oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stratum?

A layer of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does stratified mean?

Arranged in layers. Signup and view all the answers

What is squamous epithelium?

Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the stratum corneum?

Outermost layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is an adipocyte?

Fat cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is an albino?

Person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin). Signup and view all the answers

What is an apocrine sweat gland?

Large dermal exocrine gland located in the axilla and genital areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basal layer?

Deepest region of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cuticle?

Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis?

Middle layer of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is an eccrine sweat gland?

Most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

Outermost layer of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is an epithelium?

Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hair follicle?

Sac within which each hair grows. Signup and view all the answers

What is the integumentary system?

The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails. Signup and view all the answers

What is a lunula?

The half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of the nail. Signup and view all the answers

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What does adip/o refer to?

Fat, adipose. Signup and view all the answers

What does albin/o refer to?

White, albinism. Signup and view all the answers

What does caus/o refer to?

Burn, burning, causalgia. Signup and view all the answers

What does cauter/o refer to?

Heat, burn, electrocautery. Signup and view all the answers

What does cutane/o refer to?

Skin, subcutaneous. Signup and view all the answers

What does derm/o, dermat/o refer to?

Skin, epidermis, dermatitis, dermatologist, dermabrasion, epidermolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What does diaphor/o refer to?

Profuse sweating, diaphoresis. Signup and view all the answers

What does erythem/o, erythemat/o refer to?

Redness, erythema. Signup and view all the answers

What does hidr/o refer to?

Sweat, anhidrosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does ichthy/o refer to?

Dry, scaly (fish-like), ichthyosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does anthrac/o refer to?

Black (as coal), anthracosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does chlor/o refer to?

Green, chlorophyll. Signup and view all the answers

What does cirrh/o refer to?

Tawny yellow, cirrhosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does cyan/o refer to?

Blue, cyanosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does eosin/o refer to?

Rosy, eosinophil. Signup and view all the answers

What does erythr/o refer to?

Red, erythrocyte. Signup and view all the answers

What does jaund/o refer to?

Yellow, jaundice. Signup and view all the answers

What does leuk/o refer to?

White, leukoderma, leukoplakia. Signup and view all the answers

What does lute/o refer to?

Yellow, corpus luteum. Signup and view all the answers

What does melan/o refer to?

Black, melanocyte, melanoma. Signup and view all the answers

What does poli/o refer to?

Gray, poliosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does xanth/o refer to?

Yellow, xanthoma. Signup and view all the answers

What does kerat/o refer to?

Hard, keratosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does lip/o refer to?

Fat, lipoma, liposuction. Signup and view all the answers

What does myc/o refer to?

Fungus (fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms), mycosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does onych/o refer to?

Nail, onycholysis, onychomycosis, paronychia. Signup and view all the answers

What does phyt/o refer to?

Plant, dermatophytosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does pil/o refer to?

Hair, hair follicle, pilosebaceous. Signup and view all the answers

What does py/o refer to?

Pus, pyoderma. Signup and view all the answers

What does rhytid/o refer to?

Wrinkle, rhytidectomy. Signup and view all the answers

What does seb/o refer to?

Sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands), seborrhea. Signup and view all the answers

What does squam/o refer to?

Scale-like, squamous epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What does steat/o refer to?

Fat, steatoma. Signup and view all the answers

What does trich/o refer to?

Hair, hypertrichosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does ungo/o refer to?

Nail, subungual. Signup and view all the answers

What does xer/o refer to?

Dry, xerosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crust in dermatology?

A cutaneous lesion; collection of dried serum and cellular debris. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cyst?

Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material. Signup and view all the answers

What is an erosion?

Wearing away or loss of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fissure?

Groove or crack-like sore. Signup and view all the answers

What is a macule?

Flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nodule?

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a papule?

Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyp?

Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pustule?

Papule containing pus. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ulcer?

Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

Small collection of clear fluid; blister. Signup and view all the answers

What is a wheal?

Smooth edematous (swollen) papule or plaque. Signup and view all the answers

What is alopecia?

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows. Signup and view all the answers

What is ecchymosis?

Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is petechia?

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage. Signup and view all the answers

What is pruritus?

Itching. Signup and view all the answers

What is acne?

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are burns?

Injury to tissues caused by heat contact. Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulitis?

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling. Signup and view all the answers

What is eczema?

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous lesions. Signup and view all the answers

What are exanthematous viral diseases?

Rash of the skin due to viral infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is gangrene?

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

What is impetigo?

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles and crusted lesions. Signup and view all the answers

What is psoriasis?

Chronic recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly red plaques. Signup and view all the answers

What is scabies?

Contagious parasitic infection of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is scleroderma?

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)?

Photosensitive, scaling, plaque-like eruption of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is lupus vulgaris?

Cutaneous form of tuberculosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is urticaria?

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop. Signup and view all the answers

What is vitiligo?

Loss of pigment in areas of the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a callus?

Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a keloid?

Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar. Signup and view all the answers

What is keratosis?

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is leukoplakia?

White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is a nevus?

Pigmented lesion of the skin, commonly known as a mole. Signup and view all the answers

What is a verruca?

Epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart). Signup and view all the answers

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is malignant melanoma?

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Anatomy and Physiology

Pores are tiny openings on the skin's surface, facilitating sweat and oil secretion.
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that conditions the skin and hair.
Epidermis is the outermost skin layer, composed primarily of squamous epithelium, and includes the stratum corneum, the protective outer layer of flattened, keratinized cells.
Dermis, the middle layer of skin, supports blood vessels, nerves, and glands.
Subcutaneous layer is the innermost layer, containing fat tissue that insulates and cushions the body.
Adipocytes are fat cells that store energy and help insulate the body.

Skin Pigmentation and Conditions

Melanin is the skin pigment produced by melanocytes; two types exist: eumelanin (brown-black) and pheomelanin (red-yellow).
Albino individuals have a deficiency in melanin, leading to lighter skin and increased sensitivity to sunlight.
Vitiligo is characterized by the loss of skin pigment, often in an autoimmune context, leading to milk-white patches.

Skin Lesions and Diseases

Crust is formed from dried serum and cellular debris, seen in conditions like eczema and impetigo.
Cyst is a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material; examples include pilonidal and sebaceous cysts.
Erosion represents a superficial loss of epidermis without scarring, unlike ulcers, which are deeper open sores.
Alopecia refers to hair loss that can be caused by genetics, disease, or treatment (e.g., chemotherapy).
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection resulting in vesicles and crusted lesions, commonly treated with antibiotics.

Tumors and Cancer Types

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer, characterized by slow growth, often appearing on sun-exposed areas; it rarely metastasizes.
Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous epithelium and may develop in diverse locations, including the mouth and lungs; associated with sun damage.
Malignant melanoma originates from melanocytes and is highly aggressive, often linked to UV exposure; irregular borders and changes in color signify its presence.

Inflammation and Allergic Reactions

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) causes erythematous, itchy lesions, more prevalent with a family history of allergies.
Scabies causes severe itching due to a parasitic infection, treated with topical creams.
Urticaria (hives) is an acute allergic reaction where red, swollen wheals appear on the skin, driven by histamine release.

Skin Structures and Their Functions

Hair follicles are the sacs from which hair grows, embedded in the dermis.
Cuticles protect the base and sides of nails, essential for nail health.
Keratin is a hard protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails, providing strength and resilience to skin and structures.

-derm, as in dermatology, relates to skin.
-cyte denotes cells (e.g., adipocyte for fat cells).
-oma indicates tumor (e.g., melanoma, keloid).

Common Skin Conditions

Psoriasis causes red, itchy, scaly plaques often triggered by stress or injury.
Burns are injuries caused by heat, categorized into first-degree (superficial) to third-degree (full thickness).
Cellulitis presents as a diffuse skin infection marked by redness, heat, and swelling, requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.

Physiological Responses and Skin Care

Diaphorese denotes profuse sweating and can indicate various physiological states.
Pruritus, or itching, arises from irritants acting on skin nerves and is common in conditions like dermatitis.
Keloids are thickened scars resulting from excess collagen formation, often seen after skin trauma.

Comprehensive Understanding

Understanding skin structures, lesions, diseases, and their treatments is vital for effective dermatological practice and patient care.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the skin. This quiz covers various structures like pores, sebaceous glands, and skin layers, as well as pigmentation and skin conditions. Ideal for students studying biology or dermatology.