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Questions and Answers
What type of secretion do eccrine glands primarily produce?
What type of secretion do eccrine glands primarily produce?
- Serous secretion
- Mucous secretion
- Sweat secretion (correct)
- Sebum secretion
Which structure is associated with hair follicles and facilitates glandular secretion?
Which structure is associated with hair follicles and facilitates glandular secretion?
- Sebaceous glands (correct)
- Langerhans cells
- Eccrine glands
- Apocrine glands
What cellular structure is crucial for the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basal lamina?
What cellular structure is crucial for the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basal lamina?
- Tight junctions
- Desmosomes
- Gap junctions
- Hemidesmosomes (correct)
Which zone of the basement membrane contains fibrous components like anchoring fibrils?
Which zone of the basement membrane contains fibrous components like anchoring fibrils?
What is the primary function of Merkel cells found in the skin?
What is the primary function of Merkel cells found in the skin?
What causes the change in hair color from dark to gray?
What causes the change in hair color from dark to gray?
Which glands are mainly found in areas abundant with hair follicles?
Which glands are mainly found in areas abundant with hair follicles?
Which component is NOT a characteristic of the basement membrane zone?
Which component is NOT a characteristic of the basement membrane zone?
What is the primary function of eccrine glands in the skin?
What is the primary function of eccrine glands in the skin?
Which type of glandular secretion is characterized by the release of entire cells along with their secretions?
Which type of glandular secretion is characterized by the release of entire cells along with their secretions?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for housing the bases of the hair follicles?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for housing the bases of the hair follicles?
What structure is a nail primarily composed of?
What structure is a nail primarily composed of?
Which melanosome characteristic is associated with the production of black hair?
Which melanosome characteristic is associated with the production of black hair?
What type of melanin is primarily responsible for red hair color?
What type of melanin is primarily responsible for red hair color?
What is one of the main differences between sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
What is one of the main differences between sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
Which layer of the skin acts as a cushion and contains blood vessels and nerves?
Which layer of the skin acts as a cushion and contains blood vessels and nerves?
What is the primary function of sweat glands in the skin?
What is the primary function of sweat glands in the skin?
Which type of glandular secretion is characterized by the release of fluid and cellular debris?
Which type of glandular secretion is characterized by the release of fluid and cellular debris?
What is NOT a component involved in the development of skin appendages?
What is NOT a component involved in the development of skin appendages?
Which structure is primarily responsible for the hardness of nails?
Which structure is primarily responsible for the hardness of nails?
Which cells are primarily responsible for skin color?
Which cells are primarily responsible for skin color?
Which layer of the epidermis contains anucleate, flattened cells?
Which layer of the epidermis contains anucleate, flattened cells?
What role do keratins, filaggrin, and involucrin play in the skin?
What role do keratins, filaggrin, and involucrin play in the skin?
Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by mitotically active cells?
Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by mitotically active cells?
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Study Notes
Hair pigmentation
- Black hair results from large melanosomes
- Blonde hair results from smaller melanosomes
- Red hair results from spherical melanosomes
- Gray hair results from a loss of melanosomes
Hemidesmosomes in the Dermo-Epidermal Junction
- The hemidesmosomes of the basal cells of the epidermis attach to the basal lamina
- Desmosomes bind adjacent basal cells of the epidermis
Eccrine Glands
- Eccrine glands are not lateral protrusions of the hair follicle
- Eccrine glands are associated with the pilosebaceous unit
Basement Membrane
- The sublamina densa of the basement membrane contains collagen fibers, dermal microfibrils and anchoring fibrils
Merkel Cells
- Merkel cells are abundant in the palms and soles
- They are avascular
- They are of mesodermal origin
- They are not found in the panniculus
- Merkel cells reside in the basal layer and are located at hair follicles
Skin Layers
- The three main layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
- The hypodermis is also referred to as the subcutis
Sebaceous Glands
- Sebaceous glands are lateral protrusions of the hair follicle
Stratum Basale
- The stratum basale of the epidermis is comprised of mitotically active cells
- It contains the base of hair follicles
Stratum Spinosum
- The stratum spinosum consists of polyhedral cells
- It has intercellular bridges, and an increased mitotic activity
Stratum Granulosum
- The stratum granulosum contains keratohyalin granules
Stratum Corneum
- Contains flattened, anucleate cells that are filled with soft keratin filaments
Cornification
- Cornification is a process where the synthesis of lamellar granules and epidermis-specific proteins such as keratin, filaggrin and involucrin occurs
- Melanocytes are not involved in cornification
Mitotic Activity in the Epidermis
- The stratum basale is where the most mitotic activity occurs
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