Skin Pigment and Hyperpigmentation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of forced diuresis?

  • To reduce the effectiveness of supportive therapy
  • To decrease urinary excretion of barbiturates
  • To promote elimination of barbiturates through urine (correct)
  • To increase the absorption of barbiturates
  • Which diuretic is typically used in forced diuresis?

  • Mannitol (correct)
  • Amiloride
  • Spironolactone
  • Hydrochlorothiazide
  • What is the initial dose of mannitol in forced diuresis?

  • 200ml of 5% solution
  • 50ml of 25% solution
  • 500ml of 10% solution
  • 100-120ml of 25% solution (correct)
  • Which method is NOT more effective than forced diuresis in promoting barbiturate elimination?

    <p>Peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is hemodialysis specially indicated for barbiturate elimination?

    <p>In patients with contraindications to peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an average urine volume for satisfactory diuresis in 24 hours?

    <p>10-12 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom seen in stage III of opium poisoning?

    <p>Dilated pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of opium poisoning?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test can be used to detect opium poisoning?

    <p>Marquis Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical compound group is commonly used in insecticides and nerve gases?

    <p>Organophosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color change indicates a positive result in the Marquis Test for opium poisoning?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT belong to the group of organophosphates?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cells becoming neoplastic according to the monoclonal hypothesis genetic theory?

    <p>Mutation in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immune-competent hosts mount an attack on developing tumor cells?

    <p>To prevent cancer formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of individuals is there a high incidence of cancer according to the text?

    <p>Immunodeficient individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do most cancers occur more frequently in old age according to the text?

    <p>Due to reduced immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response by lymphocytes and plasma cells indicates a better prognosis for certain tumors?

    <p>Stromal infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can cell surface markers be used in haematopoietic malignancies?

    <p>To identify monoclonal origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is responsible for the detection and repair of DNA damage?

    <p>p53 gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Xeroderma pigmentosa, what happens to cancer cells over time?

    <p>They acquire more mutations and heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the tendency of cancer cells to spread to distant sites?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the multistep theory, what are the sequential steps of abnormalities in a target cell leading to cancer?

    <p>Initiation, promotion, progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the system of DNA repair is defective due to mutator genes?

    <p>Unrepaired DNA defects are passed on to the next generation of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attribute of cancer cells makes them refractory to hormonal influences?

    <p>Heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary skin pigment that absorbs a broad range of radiation from UVB through the visible spectrum?

    <p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is mentioned in the text as a component of skin chromophores that absorbs light in the UVB range?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a well-known cause of hyperpigmentation resulting from exposure to phototoxic agents according to the text?

    <p>Coumarin derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acne, what typically causes the enlargement of the gland in the pilosebaceous units?

    <p>Blockage of sebaceous duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of allergic response does a photoallergen elicit by forming a complete antigen upon absorbing ultraviolet or visible light?

    <p>Type IV hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element listed below is NOT mentioned in the text as a cause of hyperpigmentation from exposure to phototoxic agents?

    <p>Mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

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