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In emergency situations, which route of drug administration is preferred?
In emergency situations, which route of drug administration is preferred?
What is a potential disadvantage associated with the intravenous route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage associated with the intravenous route of drug administration?
What are the barriers to absorption associated with the rectal route of drug administration?
What are the barriers to absorption associated with the rectal route of drug administration?
Which equation can be used to assess a drug’s ionization state?
Which equation can be used to assess a drug’s ionization state?
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In which form is a drug capable of crossing membranes?
In which form is a drug capable of crossing membranes?
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At what pH environment would aspirin be absorbed more readily?
At what pH environment would aspirin be absorbed more readily?
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What can lead to inactivation of many drugs due to its high acidity?
What can lead to inactivation of many drugs due to its high acidity?
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What is the advantage of subcutaneous drug absorption?
What is the advantage of subcutaneous drug absorption?
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Which route of drug administration has a delay time for action of approximately 2-3 minutes?
Which route of drug administration has a delay time for action of approximately 2-3 minutes?
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What is a disadvantage of inhalation as a route of drug administration?
What is a disadvantage of inhalation as a route of drug administration?
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What characterizes the absorption pattern of intramuscular drug administration?
What characterizes the absorption pattern of intramuscular drug administration?
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What is a potential disadvantage of rectal drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage of rectal drug administration?
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What is the advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
What is the advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
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What is a potential disadvantage of utilizing oral peptide drugs?
What is a potential disadvantage of utilizing oral peptide drugs?
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In what way does topical drug administration through the skin differ from topical drug administration directly at the site of action?
In what way does topical drug administration through the skin differ from topical drug administration directly at the site of action?
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What is a distinguishing feature of intravasal drug administration as a route of absorption?
What is a distinguishing feature of intravasal drug administration as a route of absorption?
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What is a potential downside of utilizing the enteral route of drug administration?
What is a potential downside of utilizing the enteral route of drug administration?
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What is the critical determinant of how rapidly the effects of a drug will be seen?
What is the critical determinant of how rapidly the effects of a drug will be seen?
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Which factor plays a significant role in the absorption of larger drugs such as tissue plasminogen activators?
Which factor plays a significant role in the absorption of larger drugs such as tissue plasminogen activators?
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What determines where and how long a drug will be present in the body?
What determines where and how long a drug will be present in the body?
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What is typically used to facilitate ion flow but may also be exploited for absorption of certain drugs?
What is typically used to facilitate ion flow but may also be exploited for absorption of certain drugs?
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What is a potential disadvantage of using the inhalation route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage of using the inhalation route of drug administration?
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What characterizes the absorption pattern of subcutaneous drug administration?
What characterizes the absorption pattern of subcutaneous drug administration?
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What is a potential disadvantage associated with the intramuscular route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage associated with the intramuscular route of drug administration?
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What is an advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
What is an advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
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Which route of drug administration has a delay time for action of approximately 10-20 minutes?
Which route of drug administration has a delay time for action of approximately 10-20 minutes?
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Which equation can be used to assess a drug’s ionization state?
Which equation can be used to assess a drug’s ionization state?
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At what pH environment would morphine (B) be absorbed more readily?
At what pH environment would morphine (B) be absorbed more readily?
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What is the purpose of enteric coating in orally administered drugs?
What is the purpose of enteric coating in orally administered drugs?
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What factor determines whether a drug will be ionized and capable of crossing membranes?
What factor determines whether a drug will be ionized and capable of crossing membranes?
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What is a potential disadvantage of utilizing the rectal route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage of utilizing the rectal route of drug administration?
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What is a distinguishing feature of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
What is a distinguishing feature of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
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What is a potential disadvantage associated with the inhalation route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage associated with the inhalation route of drug administration?
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What is a potential advantage of subcutaneous drug absorption?
What is a potential advantage of subcutaneous drug absorption?
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What is a potential disadvantage associated with utilizing the intravenous route of drug administration?
What is a potential disadvantage associated with utilizing the intravenous route of drug administration?
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What is a potential advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
What is a potential advantage of capillary wall of dermal vessels for drug absorption?
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What percentage of X16823 will be ionized when administered orally at a stomach pH of 2.5?
What percentage of X16823 will be ionized when administered orally at a stomach pH of 2.5?
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Based on the pH of 2.5 in the stomach, can Scott take X16823 orally?
Based on the pH of 2.5 in the stomach, can Scott take X16823 orally?
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If the pKa of X16823 is 6.9 and the pH of the stomach is 2.5, what is the value of x in the equation x = -1 if acid drug or 1 if basic drug?
If the pKa of X16823 is 6.9 and the pH of the stomach is 2.5, what is the value of x in the equation x = -1 if acid drug or 1 if basic drug?
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What does the value of x=1 signify in the equation x = -1 if acid drug or 1 if basic drug?
What does the value of x=1 signify in the equation x = -1 if acid drug or 1 if basic drug?
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What percentage of X16823 will be ionized when administered orally, given a stomach pH of 2.5 and a pKa of 6.9?
What percentage of X16823 will be ionized when administered orally, given a stomach pH of 2.5 and a pKa of 6.9?
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If X16823 is administered orally, what method of administration would be more effective to ensure a higher percentage of drug ionization?
If X16823 is administered orally, what method of administration would be more effective to ensure a higher percentage of drug ionization?
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How does the pH of 2.5 in the stomach affect the ionization of X16823 compared to if the pH were closer to the drug's pKa?
How does the pH of 2.5 in the stomach affect the ionization of X16823 compared to if the pH were closer to the drug's pKa?
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If the pH of the stomach were adjusted to be closer to the pKa of X16823, how would this affect the percentage of drug ionization?
If the pH of the stomach were adjusted to be closer to the pKa of X16823, how would this affect the percentage of drug ionization?
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Study Notes
- Routes of drug administration include topical, enteral, parenteral, sublingual, and intravenous.
- Topical administration involves applying a drug externally for local or systemic effect.
- Barriers to absorption are minimal when administered topically.
- Advantages of topical administration include quick onset of action, ease of use, and minimal systemic side effects.
- Disadvantages include potential for irritation and limited applicability.
- Skin absorption occurs via intercellular, transcellular, and follicular routes.
- Intercellular absorption is less selective and a minor contributor to drug absorption.
- Transcellular absorption is more common for small, non-polar compounds like nicotine and sunscreens.
- Follicular absorption is generally for small, non-polar compounds but minimal for most drugs.
- Oral administration involves swallowing a drug and absorption through the digestive system.
- Barriers to absorption include the epithelial lining of the GI tract and the capillary wall of blood vessels.
- Absorption is slow and variable, but oral administration is easy, painless, and economical.
- Disadvantages include the need for conscious and cooperative patients, potential for inactivation in the stomach, and variability in absorption.
- Sublingual administration involves placing a drug beneath the tongue.
- Barriers to absorption are minimal due to the highly vascularized dermal layer in the tongue.
- Advantages include rapid entry to the bloodstream, reversibility, and avoiding the first-pass effect.
- Disadvantages include the potential for drug to have an unpleasant taste, irritation of mucous membranes, and the risk of inadvertent swallowing.
- Intravenous administration involves injecting a drug directly into a vein.
- Barriers to absorption are minimal, and absorption is immediate with no first-pass effect.
- Advantages include immediate action, compatibility with unconscious patients, and real-time titration of doses.
- Disadvantages include irreversibility, greater risk associated with dosing calculations, potential for infection and phlebitis, and incompatibility with highly lipid-soluble drugs.
- Rectal administration involves administering a drug rectally, either as a solid suppository or a liquid or gas enema.
- Barriers to absorption are minimal, and absorption is slower than oral administration but more rapid than IV administration.
- Advantages include compatibility with unconscious patients, avoidance of nausea and vomiting, and avoidance of destruction by stomach enzymes.
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Description
Explore the process of skin absorption of drugs and its advantages, disadvantages, and types. Learn about the barriers to absorption and absorption patterns.
