Skeletal Tissues and Bone Formation

Skeletal Tissues

• A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the diaphysis.
• Endosteum is found lining the medullary cavity.
• Muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with the periosteum.
• The organic matrix of bone consists of collagenous fibers, protein & polysaccharides.
• Osteoblasts produce the organic matrix during bone formation.
• Osteoclasts are responsible for active erosion of bone minerals.
• Hormonal production is not one of the primary functions performed by bones.
• Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are the cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation.
• The osteon delivers nutrients to and removes waste products from bone cells.
• In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones.
• Hematopoiesis is carried out in red bone marrow.
• The primary ossification center of a long bone is located in the diaphysis.
• The major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is to lengthen long bones.
• The first step in healing a fracture is the formation of a fracture hematoma.
• Normally, bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of 30 and 35.
• The medullary cavity is enlarged in bone growth due to osteoclast activity.
• Hyaline is the most abundant type of cartilage.
• Elastic cartilage composes the external ear.
• In young children, vitamin A and protein deficiency will cause a decrease in the thickness of epiphyseal plates in the growing long bones.
• Collagen is not part of the inorganic matrix of bone.
• Osteoblast activity increases, the amount of calcium in bone increases and the level of calcium in the blood decreases.
• Osteoclast activity increases, the level of calcium in the blood increases.
• Sesamoid bones are classified as irregular bones.
• Providing a bulbous shape for muscle attachment is not a characteristic of the diaphysis.
• Cylindrical in shape is not a characteristic of the epiphyses.
• All of the above are dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood.

Skeletal System

• Parathyroid hormone does not stimulate the activity of osteoblasts.
• Canals link blood vessels and cells is a characteristic of bone but not cartilage.
• The external ear not made of hyaline cartilage.
• The tip of the nose is not made of elastic cartilage.
• Short bones consist only of compact bone.
• Spongy bone is another term for cancellous bone.
• The humerus is an example of a long bone.
• A vertebral bone is an example of an irregular bone.
• The tarsal bones are examples of short bones.
• The scapula is an example of a flat bone.
• The matrix of bone consists of mostly inorganic salts with a lesser amount of organic material
• Hydroxyapatite crystals constitute about 85% of the total inorganic matrix.
• Rickets results from vitamin D deficiency in children.
• Lengthwise-running central canals are connected to each other by transverse-running Volkmann canals.
• As the amount of calcitonin in the blood increases, the amount of calcium in the blood decreases.
• A person with a diet rich in calcium would probably have a high level of calcitonin.
• Sesamoid bone can be found in a tendon.
• The concentric, cylinder-shaped layers of calcified bone matrix are called Lamellae.
• The small spaces in the matrix that contain the bone cells are called Lacunae.
• Diploë can be found in the middle of spongy bone.
• The proliferating zone is in the second layer of in the epiphyseal plate.
• In the epiphyseal plate, the zone of hypertrophy is in the third layer.
• Bones act as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus.
• The small tubes in the osteon that bring nutrients and oxygen to the osteocytes are called Canaliculi.
• The clavicle is not part of the axial skeleton.
• Parietal bones are not part of the appendicular skeleton.
• The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones.
• The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones.
• Sinus, as it relates to bone markings, can be defined as a cavity within a bone.
• A rib is part of the axial skeleton.
• The scapula is part of the appendicular skeleton.
• The lambdoid suture is between the occipital and parietal bones.
• Mastoiditis is the inflammation of a sinus within the temporal bone(s).
• The occipital skull bone articulates with the first vertebra.
• The ethmoid forms the upper parts of the nasal septum and the side walls of the nasal cavity.
• The ethmoid bone is an irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid but posterior to the nasal bones.
• The mandible does not articulate with the maxillae.

Appendicular Skeleton

• If the cribriform plate is damaged, infectious materials may pass from the nose to the brain.
• A fontanel is best described as a(n) unossified area in the infant's skull
• The upper part of the sternum is called the manubrium.
• The skeletal framework of the neck consists of cervical vertebrae.
• The thoracic vertebrae are numbered as 12.
• All vertebrae except the sacrum and coccyx have called vertebral foramen, a central opening.
• The scapula is not included in the thoracic cage (the thorax).
• The frontal bone is not part of the face.
• The zygomatic bone does not contain paranasal sinuses.
• The occipital bone forms four joints with other bones.
• The maxilla is where the largest of the paranasal sinuses is found
• The malar is another name for the zygomatic bone
• The sequence of the vertebral column from superior to inferior is: Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
• The Dens structure furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side
• The adult skeleton is composed of 206 bones.
• The bones of the middle ear are considered part of the axial skeleton.
• Mandible and vomer are the two bones of the face that are not paired
• The palatine bone makes up part of the hard palate.
• The hyoid bone is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with another bone.
• The dens is part of the cervical vertebrae..
• There are 7 true pairs of ribs in the body.
• The maxilla acts as the keystone for the face; the sphenoid bone acts as the keystone for the cranium.
• All are associated with the vertebral column: Spinous process, vertebral foramen & dens
• The blunt cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum is called the xiphoid process.
• The floating ribs articulate with the vertebrae.
• Fossa is the bone marking that can be defined as a depression in a bone and often receives an articulating bone.
• Ramus is defined as a curved portion of the bone.
• Trochanter is defined as a large bump for the attachment of muscles.
• Foramen is defined as a round hole in the bone through which vessels and nerves can pass.
• The frontal bone makes up the forehead and the anterior part of the calvaria.
• The parietal bones comprise the bulging top side of the cranium.
• The temporal bones comprise the lower side of the cranium, part of its floor.
• The temporal bone forms the only movable joint in the skull with the mandible.
• Lacrimal is the almost paper-thin bone is shaped/sized similar to a fingernail and lies posterior/lateral to each nasal bone.
• All of the above are found in the eye orbit The eye, muscle & lacrimal apparatus
• The skull is a larger proportion of the body in the adult this is not comparison of a fetal and adult skull.
• C. Body of the sternum Between the manubrium and the xiphoid process.

Articulations

• Thoracic and sacral curvatures Posteriorly convex curvatures of the spine include.
• a newborn's spine forms a continuous convex curve called a Primary curvature.
• Collarbone is the layman's name for the clavicle.
• The trochlea and capitulum can be described as distal portions of the humerus.
• The human hand has greater dexterity than the forepaw of any animal because of the freely movable joint of the thumb.
• The ulna articulates proximally with the humerus.
• Metacarpal bones form the framework of the hand.
• The pisiform bone can be found in the wrist.
• False pelvis is the structure above the pelvic inlet, which is bordered by muscle in the front and bone along the sides and back.
• The anterior of the pelvic girdle is formed by the pubis/
• Baby passes through the pelvic outlet.
• The femur; The longest and heaviest bone.
• Knee discomfort with fractured patella.
• Which of the following is not a tarsal bone? Scaphoid
• All of the above are true The pubic arch in the male is less than a 90-degree angle, The pelvic cavity is narrower in the male than in the female & The coccyx is less flexible in the male
• Going from proximal to distal, the bones of the upper extremity are Humerus, radius, carpals, and metacarpals
• a true statement: The structural classification of joints centers around the type of connective tissue that joins the bones together.
• Symphyses: Which of the following is not an example of a fibrous joint?
• b. Gomphoses: What are the unique joints that occur between the root of a t tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla?
• b. Synovial most movable joints in the body?
• In terms of structure, which type of articulation has a joint capsule? Synovial
• In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? Synarthrosis
• Biaxial A condyloid joint is an example of what?
• Ball and socket allows for the widest range of movement
• Menisci are Pads of fibrocartilage
• Interphalangeal is an example of a hinge joint
• Hinge joint is an example of a what? Knee joint
• An Eample of a pivit joint Head of radius
• Distal end 0f the radius is an example of what articulating with carpal bone is an example: Gliding
• Condylloid(ellipsoiodal)joint Which of the following is an example of a biaxial joint?
• Multi Axisal is an example of waht? Gliding joint
• Which joint has the most movement? Ball and socket
• A duction is moving away from the midline?
• kacking a foolball is accompished by? Extensinon
• a. Protraction Moving a part of the body forward is called:
• The type of movement that increases the angle between body parts is: Extension
• Plantat flaxsion Stretching the foot down and back, pointing the toe, is called:
• Is called circumduction for your head drooped
• Dorsiflexion tilting is increasing angle of foot and leag

Key Facts and Entities

• Tilting the foot upward dorsiflexion

• rotatoe cuff is at sholder

• connected by Posterior Longitudinel ligaments and tendons

• knee is mist infured

• Discs slipped due to a detriation of nucleus

• r otator cuff sugery for shoilder

• Glenocid labrom is a. B. Fibrocartilage that increases the depth of the glenoid cavity

• InflamATION kNEE HOUSE MAIDES

• JUVINLE ARTRIS IS INFLAMITORY

• Skull Suturs

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• Subacromial IS NOT hip

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