Skeletal System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

  • Movement
  • Support
  • Hormonal regulation (correct)
  • Protection

Where is yellow marrow primarily located in the body?

  • Marrow cavity in long bones (correct)
  • Within the ribcage
  • Inside the skull
  • Ends of long bones

What is another name for bone tissue?

  • Osseous tissue (correct)
  • Muscle tissue
  • Adipose tissue
  • Cartilage

Which part of the body is primarily protected by the ribcage?

<p>Thoracic organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are epiphyseal plates primarily composed of?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age range do male epiphyseal plates typically change to epiphyseal lines?

<p>13-20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of red marrow?

<p>Producing blood components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is articular cartilage located?

<p>At the ends of bones in joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found on the outer side of the knee joint?

<p>Lateral meniscus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two bones articulate at the knee joint?

<p>Femur and tibia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the periosteum?

<p>It provides a surface for muscle attachment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes spongy bone?

<p>It has a lattice-like structure called trabeculae. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteocytes located?

<p>Within the lacunae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for the transport of nutrients within compact bone?

<p>Canaliculi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of concentric lamellae in bone structure?

<p>To surround the central canal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial material that undergoes endochondral ossification?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for forming new bone during intramembranous ossification?

<p>Osteoblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the secondary phase of endochondral ossification?

<p>Hollowing out of centers and creation of marrow cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is true?

<p>They are multipotent stem cells found in bone marrow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does the spongy bone formation and the secondary ossification center appear?

<p>At birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process allows nutrients and wastes to travel through the environment surrounding osteocytes?

<p>Diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteocytes primarily located?

<p>Lacunae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts?

<p>Dissolve the bony matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does skeletal growth begin during human development?

<p>6 weeks after fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is primarily present in the embryonic skeleton?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the diaphysis in a long bone?

<p>To store yellow marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

<p>Patella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the epiphyses of a long bone to facilitate smooth joint movement?

<p>Articular cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about yellow bone marrow is true?

<p>It primarily contains fat cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones are the vertebrae classified as?

<p>Irregular bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nutrient arteries in bone physiology?

<p>To deliver nutrients to the bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is composed of dense, hard outer bone?

<p>Compact bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a long bone contains trabeculae?

<p>Spongy bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epiphyseal plate

Hyaline cartilage found in growing bones, responsible for lengthening of bones.

Epiphyseal line

Solid, compact bone replacing the epiphyseal plate after bone growth is complete.

Articular cartilage

Smooth, white cartilage covering joint surfaces, reducing friction and providing cushioning.

Meniscus

C-shaped cartilage pads located within the knee joint, providing shock absorption and stability.

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Knee joint

The articulation between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone), including the meniscus.

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Osseous Tissue

The bone tissue; consists of a strong connective tissue formed by protein fibers and ground substance.

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Diaphysis

The cylindrical central shaft of a long bone; responsible for bone strength.

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Epiphyses

Ends of a long bone that are covered with hyaline cartilage; responsible for bone growth and articulation with other bones.

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Yellow Marrow

The soft, spongy tissue found within the medullary cavity of long bones; responsible for storing fat and serving as an energy reservoir.

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Red Marrow

The soft, red tissue found in the ends of long bones and flat bones; responsible for the production of blood cells.

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Marrow Cavity

A hollow space within the bone, containing bone marrow and blood vessels.

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Periosteum

A dense connective tissue covering the outer surface of bone, providing protection and serving as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.

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Endosteum

A dense connective tissue lining the inside of the marrow cavity, providing a source for bone cells and helping with bone remodeling.

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Lacunae

Small spaces within compact bone that house osteocytes.

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Canaliculi

Tiny canals connecting lacunae to the central canal of osteons, allowing passage of nutrients and waste.

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Bone Marrow

Soft tissue found inside bones, responsible for producing blood cells.

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Compact bone

The dense, hard outer layer of bone.

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Spongy bone

The inner layer of bone, with a porous structure.

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Intramembranous ossification

Process of bone formation where bone tissue develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and connective tissue. The matrix calcifies, and stem cells differentiate into bone cells.

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Endochondral ossification

Process of bone formation where hyaline cartilage serves as a template for bone development. The cartilage is gradually replaced by bone tissue.

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Primary ossification center

The first phase of endochondral ossification where bone tissue begins to replace cartilage at the center of the bone shaft.

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Secondary ossification center

The second phase of endochondral ossification where ossification spreads to the ends of the bone.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

Multipotent stem cells found in bone marrow that can differentiate into various cell types, including bone, cartilage, and fat cells.

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Haversian Canal

The central canal of an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves that supply the bone.

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Osteoclast

A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue, releasing calcium and other minerals into the bloodstream.

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Osteoblast

A type of bone cell that builds new bone tissue, helping in bone growth and repair.

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Osteogenesis

The process of bone formation, which starts during embryonic development and continues throughout childhood and adolescence.

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Study Notes

Anatomy & Physiology - Bone

  • The skeletal system includes bones, joints, ligaments, and cartilage.
  • The primary functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. It also stores fat and minerals and forms blood cells.
  • Bones protect soft tissues and organs, such as the skull that protects the brain, ribs protect the thoracic organs (lungs, heart, and kidneys), vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and the pelvis protects the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and digestive organs.
  • Compact bone is made of haversian systems.
  • Spongy bone is located in the epiphysis and has a lattice-like structure.
  • Epiphyseal lines are made of solid compact bone.
  • Epiphyseal plates are made of hyaline cartilage (growth plates).
  • The epiphyseal plates change to epiphyseal lines between 18-20 years old in males and ages 16-18 in females.
  • Articulating cartilage is located on the ends of all bones that articulate (move). It is made of hyaline cartilage. This cartilage cushions and allows for movement.
  • The epiphysis are the ends of long bones.
  • The diaphysis is the shaft of long bones, typically yellow marrow.
  • The epiphyseal line is the site of ossification or the line between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
  • The site of red bone marrow in long bones are the epiphysis.
  • The site of yellow bone marrow in long bones is the diaphysis
  • There are four types of bone shapes in the human body: long, short, flat, and irregular. Examples: long (femur, humerus), short (patella, tarsals, carpals), flat (sternum, ribs, pelvis, skull), and irregular (vertebrae, hyoid, ethmoid).
  • The structure for the process of ossification for bone includes the following: (a) Bone collar forms around the hyaline cartilage model, (b) cartilage is calcified in the center of the model, and (c) the periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone forms at the primary ossification center. (d) The diaphysis elongates, the medullary cavity forms, and the secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses. (e) The epiphyses ossify, with hyaline cartilage remaining only at the epiphyseal plates and articulation cartilage.

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