Skeletal System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of red bone marrow in adults?

  • Storing fat
  • Mineral storage
  • Producing new bone cells
  • Producing blood cells (correct)

    • What is the central cavity of a long bone called?

  • Medullary cavity (correct)
  • Cancellous space
  • Haversian canal
  • Lacunae

    • What type of tissue does osseous tissue belong to?

  • Nervous tissue
  • Epithelial tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Connective tissue (correct)

    • What is the process of dissolving bone and releasing its minerals to the bloodstream?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bone cells called before and after they become enclosed in lacunae?

    <p>Osteoblasts and osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone structure includes trabeculae and spicules?

    <p>Spongy bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted in response to calcium deficiency?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall?

    <p>Transversus abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the mastication muscles?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does muscle extensibility refer to?

    <p>The ability of a muscle to stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about skeletal muscle fibers is true?

    <p>They contain multiple nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative position of the liver to the diaphragm?

    <p>Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the process of moving chemicals down a concentration gradient?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about a dipeptide is correct?

    <p>It is formed from two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is not found in adult organs?

    <p>Embryonic connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of skin is considered the most superficial?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which apical layer of epithelium features cells with varying heights on the same basement membrane?

    <p>Pseudostratified epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of membrane lines cavities that are open to the exterior environment?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the skeleton related to fat storage?

    <p>It stores energy in the form of fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ossification produces flat bones, such as the skull?

    <p>Intramembranous ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the outer covering of a long bone?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding epiphyseal plates in children is correct?

    <p>They are visible as growth plates in x-rays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone does a vertebra belong to?

    <p>Irregular bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of red bone marrow in adults?

    <p>It produces blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is considered the prime mover during inhalation?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in bone cells?

    <p>To aid in cellular digestion and waste removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the liver in relation to the diaphragm?

    <p>Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for chemicals to move down a concentration gradient?

    <p>They move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a feedback loop is responsible for detecting changes?

    <p>Sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about skeletal muscle fibers is correct?

    <p>They exhibit a striated appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium most commonly makes up kidney tubules?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feedback occurs during hormonal stimulation of the uterus during childbirth?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane lining cavities that are open to the external environment?

    <p>Mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is composed of similar cells and an extracellular matrix?

    <p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a dipeptide?

    <p>It is formed from two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized function of the skeleton?

    <p>Waste elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ossification is responsible for the development of long bones?

    <p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the periosteum?

    <p>To protect the bone and serve as an attachment for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cartilage areas at the epiphysis of a growing long bone known as?

    <p>Growth plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bone cells is known to have the greatest number of lysosomes?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the frontal and occipital bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

    <p>Epicranial aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is the antagonist to the triceps brachii?

    <p>Biceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of red bone marrow?

    <p>It produces blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is included in the mastication muscles?

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue type is composed of similar cells and extracellular matrix?

    <p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of skin is primarily responsible for the most rapid cell division?

    <p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not part of the human digestive system?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ionic bonds in biological substances?

    <p>Breaking apart easily in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the function of fibroblasts is correct?

    <p>They synthesize fibers and the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the clear gel-like substance found within a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium makes up most kidney tubules?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific term for the study of the structure and function of cells?

    <p>Cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the skin is melanin predominantly produced?

    <p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bones are primarily produced through endochondral ossification?

    <p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the epiphyseal (growth) plates play in a child's hand x-ray?

    <p>Demonstrate ongoing bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the periosteum?

    <p>It contains blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle prevents a bone from moving during an intentional action?

    <p>Stabilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of trabecular bone?

    <p>It is lightweight and porous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle shows a parallel arrangement of its fibers?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically found within the marrow cavity of an adult humerus diaphysis?

    <p>Yellow bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of red bone marrow in adults?

    <p>Blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is associated with mastication?

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the structure of a tissue compared to a cell?

    <p>A tissue is composed of similar cells and an extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical position of the liver relative to the diaphragm?

    <p>Inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of concentration gradients, what does it mean when chemicals move down a gradient?

    <p>They move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is correct?

    <p>It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about a hydrolysis reaction?

    <p>It breaks down molecules by adding water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific term for the clear gel inside a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT a part of a feedback loop?

    <p>Protector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing cartilage matrix?

    <p>Chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a dipeptide?

    <p>It is formed by two amino acids linked by a single peptide bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of periosteum in relation to bones?

    <p>It covers and protects the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ossification is responsible for producing flat bones like those of the skull?

    <p>Intramembranous ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is formed by the growth of cartilage at the epiphyseal plates?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the structure of a vertebra?

    <p>It belongs to the category of irregular bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cartilage area is found at the epiphysis of a growing long bone?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fat storage in the skeletal system?

    <p>It serves as energy reserves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle is primarily responsible for voluntary movement?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves to anchor a thick filament to a Z disc?

    <p>Titin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the condition of a muscle being able to stretch without damage?

    <p>Extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes skeletal muscle?

    <p>It is striated and under voluntary control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a tissue as a group of similar cells performing a specific function?

    <p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of skin houses the majority of sensory receptors?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the frontal plane?

    <p>It divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auscultation?

    <p>Listening to internal body sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the abdomen is most lateral and superior?

    <p>Hypochondriac region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the temperature regulation ability of water contribute to homeostasis?

    <p>It acts as an effective coolant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback is involved in regulating the uterus during childbirth?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Skeletal System

    • Functions of the skeleton (RBC storage):

      • Support
      • Protection
      • Movement
      • Mineral storage
      • Blood cell production
      • Fat storage

    • Type of tissue osseous tissue belongs to: Connective tissue

    • Central cavity of a long bone: Medullary cavity

    • Type of bone a vertebra belongs to: Irregular bone

    • External sheath and lining of marrow cavity:

      • Periosteum (external sheath)
      • Endosteum (lining the marrow cavity)

    • Bone cells (before and after being enclosed):

      • Osteoblasts (before)
      • Osteocytes (after)

    • Bone cell with highest lysosome count: Osteoclasts

    • Bone type with trabeculae and spicules: Spongy bone

    • Red bone marrow function: Blood cell production (not new bone cell production)

    • Marrow cavity of adult humerus diaphysis: Yellow bone marrow

    • Bones produced by intramembranous ossification: Flat bones (e.g., skull bones)

    • Precursor connective tissue in endochondral ossification: Hyaline cartilage

    • Child's hand X-ray appearance: Epiphyseal plates (growth plates), not lines

    • Bone elongation source: Cartilage growth

    • Cartilage areas at epiphysis: Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage

    • Bone dissolving/mineral return process: Bone resorption

    • Hormone response to calcium deficiency: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

      • Activates osteoclasts

    • Cavity in a bone: Sinus

    • Sutures location: Only between cranial bones

    • Study of muscular system: Myology

    • Secretion function of muscular system: No

    • Muscle fibers arranged in bundles: Fascicles

    • Muscle shape of rectus femoris: Parallel

    • Muscle preventing bone movement: Antagonist

    • Prime mover for inhalation: Diaphragm

    • Structure connecting occipitofrontalis bellies: Aponeurosis

    • Deepest abdominal muscle: Transversus abdominis

    • Antagonist to triceps brachii: Biceps brachii

    • Longest muscle in the human body: Sartorius

    • Teres muscle in SITS: Teres minor

    • Selected muscle part of quadriceps: Depends on the muscle in question

      • Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

    • Selected muscle part of hamstrings: Depends on the muscle in question

    • Selected muscle part of mastication muscles: Depends on the muscle in question

      • Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

    • Muscle extensibility: Ability to stretch

    • Voluntary skeletal muscle: Subject to conscious control

    • Skeletal muscle fiber nucleus: Single nucleus

    • Myofilament in thick filament core: Myosin

    Other Body Systems

    • Feedback loop components: Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response

    • Frontal plane division: Anterior and posterior

    • Liver position relative to diaphragm: Inferior

    • Most lateral and superior abdominal region: Right hypochondriac region

    • Brain cavity: Cranial cavity

    • Auscultation definition: Listening to body sounds

    • Cellular structure study: Cytology

    • Chemical movement down a concentration gradient: Higher concentration to lower concentration

    • Tissue vs. cell:

      • Tissue: Similar cells, extracellular matrix
      • Cell: Organelles, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

    • Human structure levels (complex to simple): Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

    • Body structures (simple to complex): Atom → molecule → organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

      • Group of similar cells in discrete region performing function = tissue

    • Feedback type during uterus hormonal stimulation: Positive feedback

    • Ionic bonds in water: Break apart more easily

    • Blood pH: Slightly basic (around 7.4)

    • Water's heat capacity: Effective coolant

    • Exchange reaction: Bonds broken and new ones formed

    • Opposite of dehydration synthesis: Hydrolysis

    • Dipeptide bonds: Two amino acids joined by one peptide bond

    • Atom with atomic number 11 and mass 23: 11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons

    • Atom chemical properties: Determined by valence electrons

    • Valence electrons in atom with atomic number 8: 6

    • Clear gel surrounding cells: Interstitial fluid

    • Tissue not found in adult organs: Embryonic tissue

    • Clear gel inside cell: Cytoplasm

    • Epithelial cells (ECM): Almost entirely cells, little ECM

    • Epithelium of kidney tubules: Cuboidal epithelium

    • Epithelium with varying heights: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

    • Plasma cells and connective tissue matrix: Plasma cells do not produce connective tissue proper matrix

    • Cartilage and connective tissue matrix producers: Chondrocytes (cartilage) and fibroblasts (connective tissue)

    • Membrane lining cavities open to the exterior: Mucosa membrane

    • Vitamin D synthesis start: Skin

    • Deeper skin layer: Dermis

    • Youngest keratinocytes: Stratum basale

    • Skin color components: Melanin, hemoglobin, carotene

    • Skin component (not skin): Hypodermis

    • Most superficial skin layer: Stratum corneum

    • Primary skin color factors: Melanocytes

    • Major epidermal layer: Stratum spinosum(75%)

    • Fastest mitosis skin layer: Stratum basale

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    Test your knowledge on the skeletal system and its functions, including the types of tissues, bone structures, and cell types involved in bone health. This quiz covers key concepts such as the roles of bones in support, protection, and blood cell production.

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