Skeletal System Overview
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which structures are included in the axial skeleton?

  • The pelvis and femur
  • The skull and vertebral column (correct)
  • The hyoid bone and all limb bones
  • The radii and ulnae

Which of the following correctly identifies the main components of the appendicular skeleton?

  • Vertebrae and sternum
  • Skull and ribcage
  • Clavicle and hyoid bone
  • Pelvis and femur (correct)

What type of joint connects the ribs to the vertebral column?

  • Costotransverse joint
  • Sternocostal joint
  • Costovertebral joint (correct)
  • Ball and socket joint

Which bone is considered part of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>Scapula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thoracic vertebrae?

<p>Protect the heart and lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures passes through the superior thoracic aperture?

<p>Trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles is primarily involved in movements of the thoracic wall?

<p>Pectoralis major and diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification of bones do the femur and tibia belong to?

<p>Long bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones compose the pelvic girdle?

<p>Ilium, Ischium, and Pubic bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle?

<p>Support the total weight of the upper body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does NOT contribute to the pelvic inlet?

<p>Ischial tuberosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the scapula is visible on an anterior view?

<p>Subscapular fossa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature serves as the landmark for the pelvic outlet?

<p>Coccyx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are included in the upper limb aside from the pectoral girdle?

<p>Humerus, Radius, and Ulna (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The iliac crest is part of which bone?

<p>Ilium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the acetabulum in the pelvic structure?

<p>Forms the socket for the hip joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pelvic division is referred to as the true pelvis?

<p>Lesser pelvis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is characterized by having a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid?

<p>Diarthroses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding osteoarthritis?

<p>It is commonly related to aging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the foot do the tarsal bones reside?

<p>Ankle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure reinforces synovial joints?

<p>Ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints would be classified as having the least mobility?

<p>Synarthrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature separates the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis?

<p>Pelvic brim (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arthritis is characterized by bilateral inflammation and may lead to joint deformities?

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What makes up the axial skeleton?

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton consists of limbs, pectoral girdle (shoulder), and pelvic girdle.

What is a characteristic feature of thoracic vertebrae?

Thoracic vertebrae are characterized by facets for articulation with the ribs. These facets allow for the rib cage's flexibility and support.

What makes up the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage is composed of ribs, sternum (breastbone), and thoracic vertebrae. It protects the heart and lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

The superior thoracic aperture is the opening at the top of the thorax, allowing passage of structures like the trachea and esophagus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the inferior thoracic aperture?

The inferior thoracic aperture is the opening at the bottom of the thorax, allowing passage of structures like the aorta and inferior vena cava.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton is responsible for movement and interaction with the environment. It includes the limbs and their connecting structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the bones of the upper limb?

The upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. These bones allow for a wide range of motion and fine motor skills.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pelvis

A bony structure composed of two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. It provides support for the abdominal organs and allows for weight transfer to the lower limbs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Greater Pelvis

The larger, superior region of the pelvis, located above the pelvic inlet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lesser Pelvis

The smaller, inferior region of the pelvis, located below the pelvic inlet. It contains the pelvic cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pelvic Inlet

The opening at the top of the lesser pelvis, separating the greater pelvis from the lesser pelvis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pelvic Cavity

The space within the lesser pelvis, containing organs such as the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pelvic Outlet

The opening at the bottom of the lesser pelvis, marking the end of the pelvic cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Perineum

The region below the pelvic outlet, containing muscles and structures associated with the external genitalia and anus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Synovial Joint

A synovial joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, characterized by articular cartilage covering the ends of bones, a fibrous joint capsule surrounding the joint, and a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the pectoral girdle and its function?

The scapula and clavicle form the pectoral girdle, allowing for extensive movement of the upper limb.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the scapula and its role.

The scapula is a triangular bone with a prominent spine. It provides attachment points for muscles and helps rotate the arm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the humerus and its function?

The humerus is the long bone of the arm, connecting to the scapula at one end and the radius and ulna at the other. It allows for arm flexion, extension, and rotation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the radius and ulna and their functions.

The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm. The radius is located on the thumb side and allows for forearm rotation, while the ulna is located on the pinky side and provides stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the pelvic girdle and its functions?

The pelvic girdle, composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, supports the weight of the upper body and protects vital organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the ilium and its function?

The ilium is the largest section of the pelvic bone, with a prominent iliac crest, contributing to the hip joint formation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the ischium and its function.

The ischium forms the lower, posterior portion of the pelvic bone, providing support for sitting, and contributing to the hip joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the pubis and its function.

The pubis forms the anterior portion of the pelvic bone, connecting to the other pubis bone through the pubic symphysis, and is essential for hip stability and childbirth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

  • The skeletal system comprises the bones, cartilage, and joints.
  • Learning outcomes cover components, divisions, cartilage/bone structure and function, bone classification, axial and appendicular skeletons.

Axial Skeleton

  • Includes the skull, cranial bones, spine, ribs, and hyoid bone.
  • The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body.

Appendicular Skeleton

  • Consists of everything attached to the axial skeleton.
  • Includes the limbs, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, and associated bones (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, scapula, humerus).

Axial Skeleton (Vertebral Column)

  • Composed of various vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx).
  • Has natural curves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar).
  • Intervertebral discs separate vertebrae for cushioning and flexibility.
  • Intervertebral foramen allows for spinal nerve passage.

Thoracic Vertebrae

  • Articulate with ribs for structural support and respiration.
  • Have facets for rib articulation, transverse processes, and superior/inferior costal facets for the appropriate ribs.

Skeleton of Thorax (Bones and Joints)

  • Includes sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, and thoracic vertebrae.
  • There are true ribs (1-7), false ribs (8-10), and floating ribs (11-12).
  • Sternocostal joints connect ribs and sternum.
  • Intercostal spaces are anatomical spaces between ribs.

Rib Classification

  • True ribs (1-7) directly attach to the sternum.
  • False ribs (8-10) connect to the sternum via cartilage.
  • Floating ribs (11-12) are not attached to the sternum.

Thoracic Apertures

  • Superior thoracic aperture and Inferior thoracic aperture.
  • These apertures are openings that connect the thorax with other body cavities.

Structures through Thoracic Apertures

  • Contents include esophagus, trachea, brachial plexus, subclavian arteries, and vagus nerves pass through.

Pelvic Girdle

  • Composed of three fused hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis).
  • Supports the weight of the upper body and protects organs.
  • Forms Pelvic Inlet and Outlet for childbirth.

Pelvic Inlet & Outlet

  • Have particular anatomical landmarks for childbirth and assessment. Specific measurements determine the dimensions.

Bones of the Upper Limb

  • Includes the clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
  • Pectoral Girdle (Scapula & Clavicle): allows for free upper limb movement.

Bones of the Lower Limb

  • Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

Bones of the Foot

  • Tarsals (ankle), metatarsals (sole), phalanges (toes).

Joints

  • Classified as synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable).
  • Synovial joints have a joint capsule with synovial fluid, articular cartilage, and ligaments. Examples include knee, hip, shoulder).

Arthritis

  • Inflammation of the joint surfaces, including osteoarthritis (common, aging-related) and rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune).

Movements at the Joints

  • Different movements like flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and others occur at joints throughout the body.

Bones & Joints of the Upper and Lower Limbs

  • Describes individual bones, bone groups, and connecting joints, for example, Glenohumeral (shoulder), Elbow and Radio-ulnar joints at the forearm etc.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

L2 Skeletal System PDF

Description

This quiz covers the skeletal system, detailing its components, divisions, and structural functions. Learn about the axial and appendicular skeletons, including specific bones and their classifications. Explore the natural curves of the vertebral column and the role of intervertebral discs.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser