Skeletal System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which bone is not considered a facial bone?

Maxilla

Sphenoid bone (correct)

Nasal bone

Mandible

How many pairs of bones are there in the facial bones category?

7 pairs

8 pairs

5 pairs

6 pairs (correct)

Which of the following pairs of bones contribute to the structure of the nasal cavity?

Nasal bones and Maxillae

Vomer and Mandible

Lacrimal bones and Zygomatic bones

Palatine bones and Inferior nasal conchae (correct)

What is the function of the maxillae in the skull?

Form the upper jaw and hold teeth Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is single and not paired in the facial skeleton?

Vomer bone Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the formation of a hematoma in the bone healing process?

Fibrocartilage callus formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the axial skeleton?

It is divided into three parts: skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax. Signup and view all the answers

What component is primarily formed during the bony callus stage?

Spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

Which step of bone healing follows bony callus formation?

Bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the internal callus during fracture healing?

To form new blood vessels and support bone mineralization Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?

Support Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?

206 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue is dense and appears smooth?

Compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What are the two subdivisions of the skeleton?

Axial and appendicular Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What tissue is primarily responsible for the attachment of muscles to bones?

Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone consists of small needle-like pieces and many open spaces?

Spongy bone Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the skeletal system involves the storage of triglycerides?

Storage Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the skull approximately three-fourths the size of an adult skull?

2 years old Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the face shape during the ages of 6 to 11?

It grows out from the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of the paranasal sinuses?

Lighten the skull Signup and view all the answers

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What skeletal change occurs in females during puberty?

Pelvis expands Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral column is made up of how many total bones?

26 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is formed by the fusion of five vertebrae?

Sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

Which group of bones is found in the thoracic cage?

Ribs and sternum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT found in the upper limb?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones are the phalanges classified as?

Long bones Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is considered part of the axial skeleton?

Skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Supporting the body’s weight during movement Signup and view all the answers

How many phalanges are in each hand?

14 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System Components

Consists of bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
Two subdivisions: Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

Axial Skeleton

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
Three parts: skull, vertebral column, bony thorax

Functions of the Skeletal System

Supports the body
Enables movement
Protects internal organs
Produces blood cells
Serves as a storage site for minerals and lipids

Bones

The human skeleton has 206 bones
Two types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.
Compact bone: Dense and smooth, homogeneous
Spongy bone: Contains small, needle-like pieces of bone with many open spaces
Flat bones: layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone.

Bone Fracture Repair

Hematoma formation
Fibrocartilage callus formation
Bony callus formation
Bone remodeling

Common Types of Fractures

Closed (simple): The broken bone doesn't pierce the skin
Open (compound): The bone breaks through skin
Comminuted: Bone is splintered or crushed into more than two pieces
Greenstick: Bone is partially broken, like a twig
Spiral: Bone is broken in a spiral pattern
Stress: Small fracture caused by overuse

Skull

22 bones
Cranium: 8 bones
Facial bones : 14 bones

Facial Bones

2 Maxillae
2 Palatine bones
2 Lacrimal bones
2 Zygomatic bones
2 Nasal bones
Vomer bone
2 Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible

Paranasal Sinuses

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Lighten the skull
Amplify sounds made as we speak

Hyoid Bone

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Serves as a movable base for the tongue
Aids in swallowing and speech

Vertebral Column

Provides axial support
Extends from skull to pelvis
26 Bones separated by intervertebral discs
7 Cervical vertebrae in the neck
12 Thoracic vertebrae in the chest region
5 Lumbar vertebrae in the lower back
Sacrum (formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae)
Coccyx (formed by fusion of 3-5 vertebrae)

Appendicular Skeleton

Composed of 126 bones
Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton

Size of cranium in relationship to body
- At 2 years old—skull is three-fourths the size of adult skull
- At 8 or 9 years old—skull is near adult in size and proportion
- Between ages 6 and 11, the face grows out from the skull

Skeletal Changes Caused by Puberty

Female pelvis broadens
Entire male skeleton becomes more robust

The Thoracic Cage

The bony thorax
Contains 12 pairs of ribs
Sternum: the breastbone

The Pectoral Girdle

Formed by two bones on each side
Clavicle: collarbone
Scapula: shoulder blade

The Pelvic Girdle

Formed from a pair of hip bones (coxal bones)
Protects the organs of the pelvis

The Upper Limb

Arm: Humerus (upper arm bone)
Forearm: Radius (thumb side) and Ulna (pinky side)
Hand: 8 Carpals (wrist bones), 5 Metacarpals (palm bones), 14 Phalanges (finger bones)

The Lower Limb

Thigh: Femur (thigh bone)
Knee: Patella (kneecap)
Leg: Tibia (shinbone) and Fibula (smaller bone)
Foot: 7 Tarsals (ankle bones), 5 Metatarsals (foot bones), 14 Phalanges (toe bones)

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Description

This quiz covers the components and functions of the skeletal system, including the Axial and Appendicular skeletons. Test your knowledge on bone structures, fractures, and the repair process. Understand how the skeletal system supports and protects the body.