Skeletal System Overview and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the skeletal system?

To protect internal organs (correct)

To facilitate the exchange of gases

To assist in digestion

To produce hormones

Which type of bone is characterized by its tubular shaft?

Irregular bone

Long bone (correct)

Short bone

Flat bone

What is the main component of the bone matrix that provides flexibility?

Calcium carbonate

Bone marrow

Collagen (correct)

Hydroxyapatite

Which cell type is responsible for the formation of new bone?

Osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What comprises approximately 65% of the inorganic material in bone?

Hydroxyapatite Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the periosteum in the skeletal system?

To cover the outer surface of bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the medullary cavity?

A hollow region filled with yellow marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts in bone physiology?

To resorb or break down bone Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is notably irregular in shape and does not fit into other categories?

Irregular bones Signup and view all the answers

Where is the periosteum found, and what does it contain?

Covering the outer surface of bone, containing blood vessels and nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the spongy bone?

It has trabeculae that align with stress lines to enhance strength. Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Cartilage is produced on the epiphyseal side and ossified on the diaphyseal side. Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth allows bone to increase in diameter?

Appositional growth Signup and view all the answers

How frequently is the skeleton remodeled in healthy adults?

5 to 10 percent annually, even without injury Signup and view all the answers

What is a transverse fracture characterized by?

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What main role do osteoblasts play in the remodeling of bones?

To produce new bone tissue beneath the periosteum Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

Composed of bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Provides structure to the body and enables movement.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Supports body structure and shape.
Protects vital internal organs from injury.
Facilitates movement through connection with muscles.
Stores minerals (e.g., calcium) and fats for energy.
Produces red and white blood cells within bone marrow.

Bone Classification

Osseous tissue is hard, dense connective tissue comprised of an extracellular matrix and bone cells.
Types of bones include:
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- Sesamoid bones

Gross Anatomy of Bone

Bone matrix consists of 35% organic (collagen for flexibility) and 65% inorganic materials (hydroxyapatite for strength).
Structure of a long bone features:
- Diaphysis: Long shaft filled with yellow marrow in the medullary cavity.
- Epiphysis: Ends of the bone, containing spongy bone and red marrow.

Bone Markings

Articulation: Where two bones meet.
Projections: Areas of bone that extend above the surface.
Holes: Openings for blood vessels and nerves.

Bone Cells

Osteoblasts: Form new bone; active in growing bone areas.
Osteocytes: Maintain mature bone structure; the most abundant bone cells.
Osteogenic Cells: Multiply and can differentiate into bone-forming cells.
Osteoclasts: Break down bone tissue.

Bone Tissues

Compact Bone: Dense and strong, resists compressive forces; found under periosteum and in diaphysis.
Spongy Bone: Lighter, consists of trabeculae providing strength; contains red marrow for blood cell production.

Bone Growth and Remodeling

Lengthwise growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate, with cartilage being ossified from the epiphyseal to diaphyseal side.
Appositional growth: Increases bone diameter; occurs by osteoclast resorption and osteoblast deposition.
Remodeling: Continuous cycle of bone resorption and formation, renewing about 5-10% of the skeleton annually.

Fractures

Fractures are breaks in bones, categorized by type:
- Transverse: Break occurs straight across the long axis of the bone.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of the skeletal system, including its composition, functions, and classification of bones. It explores how the skeletal system supports the body, protects organs, and facilitates movement, along with details on bone anatomy. Test your knowledge on the core principles of osteology.