Bone Classification Quiz

<p>Involves both length and diameter increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove and remodel bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphyseal cartilage narrows and eventually disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appositional growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appositional growth involves the addition of bone layers while interstitial growth extends the bone length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture hematoma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the gradual replacement of cartilage with bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spiral fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain the bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a protective outer layer and routes for blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce multiple fragments in the affected area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process of removing and dissolving bone matrix to release minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphyseal fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce bone faster than chondrocytes produce cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sesamoid bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sutural bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undergo apoptosis and disintegrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides osteoblasts to form the bone layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During growth and remodeling of the shaft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In both length and diameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metaphyseal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce the unmineralized matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passages for blood vessels or nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner lining of periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolve the bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appositional growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They anchor the periosteum to bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lines the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skin is broken and the bone is exposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comminuted fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides stability to the fracture edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture hematoma formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone outgrows cartilage in the epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It retains normal bone alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow growth of epiphyseal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marfan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic growth hormone administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in bone density leading to conditions like osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caused by overproduction of growth hormone before puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Softening and potential bowing of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickening of bones and changes in soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate ossification and bone mass loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple scanning technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medicines for heart conditions and surgeries as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect underlying soft tissues and provide muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inside tendons due to stress and friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sutural bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlarged chondrocytes die and leave cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of perichondrium cells to osteoblasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When blood vessels penetrate the central region of cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is replaced by shafts of bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The articular cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are small and boxy in shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevations and projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphyseal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lining passageways containing blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating the entry of blood vessels into marrow cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comminuted fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Callus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth at the site may stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greenstick fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New and abnormal bone arrangements appear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture hematoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone matrix to release stored minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Houses red bone marrow within openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides a route for blood supply and participates in bone repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts deposit new circumferential lamellae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endosteum is incomplete and lines the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During appositional growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of gigantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased thickness of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Softening and weakening of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marfan syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stunted growth and shortened bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of bone mass resulting from inadequate ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of growth hormone suppression in acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supplementation of Vitamin D and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat bones = Thin, roughly parallel surfaces that protect underlying tissues Long bones = Relatively long and slender, typically found in limbs Sesamoid bones = Develop inside tendons and are shaped like sesame seeds Irregular bones = Complex shapes with short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial bones = Flat bones that protect the brain Vertebral column = Composed of irregular bones providing structural support Sternum = A flat bone located in the central part of the thoracic cage Ribs = Curved bones that shield thoracic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flat bones = Scapulae Sutural bones = Wormian bones between cranial bones Short bones = Carpals in the wrist Sesamoid bones = Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limbs = Bones of the arms and legs Girdles = Bones that support the limbs, such as the pelvis Clavicle = A long bone that connects the arm to the body Scapula = A flat bone that facilitates shoulder movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support = Provides structural integrity for the body Mineral storage = Reservoir for calcium and phosphate Blood cell production = Occurs in the red marrow of bones Protection = Safeguards vital organs from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 1 = Chondrocytes near center of shaft enlarge Step 3 = Blood vessels penetrate cartilage and enter central region Step 4 = Growth &amp; remodeling occurs with medullary cavity creation Step 5 = Capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the epiphyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 2 = Formation of superficial layer of bone along the shaft Step 6 = Epiphyses fill with spongy bone Step 4 = Cartilage near the epiphyses is replaced by bone Step 1 = Enlarged chondrocytes die and disintegrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary ossification center = Location where spongy bone production begins Epiphyseal cartilage = Separates epiphysis from diaphysis Osteoblasts = Cells responsible for forming bone tissue Medullary cavity = Hollow space created within the shaft of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 3 = Bone formation spreads along the shaft toward both ends Step 5 = Creation of secondary ossification centers Step 6 = Articular cartilage remains exposed to joint cavity Step 4 = Osseous tissue of the shaft thickens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chondrocytes = Enlarge and die, leading to disintegration Perichondrium = Cells convert to osteoblasts when blood vessels grow Capillaries = Migrate into epiphyses to form new ossification centers Fibroblasts = Differentiate into osteoblasts upon blood vessel penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoblasts = Produce new bony matrix Osteocytes = Maintain the condition of the bone matrix Osteoclasts = Resorb and remodel bone tissue Osteogenic cells = Differentiate into osteoblasts for repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short bones = Small and boxy, examples include carpals and tarsals Long bones = Characterized by a shaft and two ends Flat bones = Thin and provide surfaces for muscle attachment Irregular bones = Complex shapes like vertebrae and facial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteum = Outer layer for attachment of tendons and ligaments Endosteum = Lines the medullary cavity for growth Growth Plate = Site for bone elongation Nutrient foramen = Provides access for blood supply to marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevations/projections = Sites for attachment of tendons and ligaments Depressions/grooves/tunnels = Pathways for blood vessels or nerves Articular surfaces = Regions where adjacent bones articulate Fossae = Shallow depressions for muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient artery = Supplies blood to the bone Metaphyseal artery = Carries blood to the metaphysis Epiphyseal arteries = Supply blood to the ends of bones Nutrient vein = Drains blood from the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen fibers = Account for ~1/3 bone weight Calcium salts = Account for ~2/3 bone weight Hydroxyapatite = Provides rigidity Calcium carbonate = Incorporates into bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endochondral ossification = Converts cartilage into bone Intramembranous ossification = Forms bone directly from mesenchymal tissue Appositional growth = Increases bone diameter Interstitial growth = Increases bone length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haversian systems = Primary structure in compact bone Trabeculae = Structural units in spongy bone Lacunae = Pockets housing osteocytes Bone lamellae = Layers of bone matrix in both types</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteon = Structural unit of compact bone Trabeculae = Open network structure in spongy bone Periosteum = Outer layer covering the bone Endosteum = Lining of the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ossification = The process of bone formation Osteogenesis = Creation of new bone tissue Remodeling = Ongoing replacement of old bone tissue Calcification = Deposition of calcium salts in bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular features = Essential for growth and maintenance Growth Plate = Critical for longitudinal growth of bones Perforating fibers = Anchor the periosteum securely Nutrient foramen = Facilitate blood supply to the marrow cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous outer layer = Provides attachment for tendons and ligaments Cellular inner layer = Involves in bone growth and repair Perforating fibers = Attach periosteum to underlying bone Superficial layer = Isolates bone from surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteolysis = Dissolution of bone matrix Appositional growth = New lamellae added on outer surface Interstitial growth = Lengthening of bone Endochondral ossification = Replacement of cartilage with bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow = Produces blood cells Yellow bone marrow = Stores fat Medullary cavity = Houses bone marrow Trabeculae = Supports red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial growth = Occurs within the bone Appositional growth = Occurs at the surface of the bone Endochondral ossification = Initial skeleton made of cartilage Intramembranous ossification = Formation of flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed / Simple = No break in skin Open / Compound = Projects through the skin Transverse = Break shaft perpendicular across long axis Spiral = Produced by twisting stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compression = Occurs in vertebrae subjected to extreme stresses Greenstick = One side of shaft broken, one side bent Displaced = Produces new and abnormal bone arrangements Comminuted = Shatters affected area producing fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fracture Hematoma Formation = Large clot closes injured vessels Callus Formation = Network of spongy bone uniting fracture edges Internal Callus = Composed of cartilage and bone stabilizing outer edges External Callus = Stabilizes outer edges of fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial Growth = Growth in length of bones Appositional Growth = Growth in width of bones Endochondral Ossification = Conversion of cartilage into bone Intramembranous Ossification = Formation of bone directly from mesenchyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clean Transverse Fracture = Heals well if monitored Oblique Fracture = Typically occurs from angled impacts Salter-Harris Fracture = Affects growth plate in children Stress Fracture = Resulting from repetitive stress on bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact Bone = Provides strength and resistance Spongy Bone = Reduces bone weight and houses marrow Woven Bone = First type to appear in fracture healing Lamellar Bone = Mature bone organized in layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closed / Simple Fractures = Typically heal without surgery Open / Compound Fractures = Require careful management due to infection risk Greenstick Fractures = Common in children due to flexible bones Comminuted Fractures = May require complex surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achondroplasia = Disorder limiting cartilage growth, resulting in short, stocky limbs Gigantism = Lengthened bones due to overproduction of growth hormone before puberty Acromegaly = Growth in adulthood causing bone thickening, especially in face and hands Marfan syndrome = Inherited condition leading to very tall stature and long, slender limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematoma formation = Initial stage where blood clots form at the fracture site Cartilage callus formation = Cartilage replaces the external callus before spongy bone is laid down Spongy bone formation = Replacement of cartilage with spongy bone to stabilize fracture Compact bone formation = Transformation of spongy bone into dense compact bone over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis = Significant bone loss affecting normal function, common in older women Osteopenia = Mild bone loss that starts at age 30 &amp; 40 Decreased ossification = Reduced ability to maintain bone mass with age Increased fracture risk = Greater susceptibility to fractures due to weakened bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency = Primary cause contributing to the softening of bones Calcium deficiency = Lack of necessary mineral leading to bone weakness Hypophosphatemia = Low phosphate levels exacerbating bone conditions Low hydroxyapatite = Direct cause of bone weakening in Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthetic GH = Treatment for Shortened Bones due to Pituitary failure Surgery and radiation = Common treatments for Gigantism caused by pituitary tumor Pituitary suppression = Treatment option for Acromegaly to reduce growth hormone Symptom-based medicines = Management strategy for Marfan syndrome affecting cardiovascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate GH = Results in slow growth and shorter stature Excessive GH = Causes rapid growth and potentially gigantism Congenital issues = May affect bone growth and development from birth Nutritional deficiency = Can lead to conditions like Rickets affecting bone health</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone fragment removal = First action taken to clean the fracture site Callus formation = Formation of a temporary structure to stabilize fracture Spongy bone replacement = Phase where temporary cartilage is replaced with spongy bone Bone remodeling = Final phase where bone structure is strengthened and shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central test = Measures bone density in hip and vertebrae Peripheral test = Assesses bone density in limbs or fingers Dual-energy X-ray = Non-invasive method for evaluating overall bone health Quantitative ultrasound = Uses sound waves to measure bone density at peripheral sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortened Bones = Caused by inadequate growth hormone leading to stunted growth Gigantism = Caused by pituitary tumors leading to excess growth hormone before puberty Acromegaly = Results from overactive pituitary gland firing after epiphyseal plates close Rickets = Linked to deficiencies in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased osteoporosis risk = Leads to skeletal fragility and higher fracture chance Bone density loss = Contributes to aging-related joint issues and pain Reduced growth plate activity = Results in shorter stature and growth delays Weakened bone matrix = Facilitates conditions like Rickets due to mineral loss</p> Signup and view all the answers