Skeletal System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of the term 'axial'?

  • Bones of the shoulder, pelvis, upper and lower leg extremities
  • Skeletal structure of the head, neck, and trunk (correct)
  • Bones of the arms and legs
  • Bones of the hands and feet

What is the definition of the term 'appendicular'?

  • Bones of the shoulder, pelvis, upper and lower leg extremities (correct)
  • Bones of the arms and legs
  • Bones of the hands and feet
  • Skeletal structure of the head, neck, and trunk

What is the definition of the term 'compact'?

  • Soft, spongy bone tissue
  • Tissue found in growth plates
  • Hard, dense bone tissue (correct)
  • Tissue containing many small spaces

What is the definition of the term 'spongy'?

<p>Soft, spongy bone tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long bones are wider than they are long.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Short bones are found in the wrist and ankles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bones are thin, flattened, and usually curved?

<p>Flat bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axial Skeleton

The skeletal framework of the head, neck, and trunk. It provides support for the body and protects vital organs.

Appendicular Skeleton

The skeletal framework that includes the limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle. It enables movement and locomotion.

Compact Bone

The hard, dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and support. It's like the 'shell' of the bone.

Spongy Bone

Lighter, porous bone tissue found inside bones, filled with red bone marrow. It provides strength without being heavy.

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Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide. Examples include the femur (thigh bone) and humerus (upper arm bone).

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Short Bones

Cube-shaped bones with nearly equal dimensions. Examples include the carpals (wrist bones) and tarsals (ankle bones).

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Flat Bones

Thin, flattened bones that often have a curved shape. Examples include the skull bones, ribs, and scapula (shoulder blade).

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Irregular Bones

Bones that have complex shapes and don't fit into any other category. Examples include the vertebrae (spinal bones) and facial bones.

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Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone. It's the main supportive structure of the bone.

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Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, where it widens and connects to other bones. It's like the 'cap' of the bone.

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Periosteum

A tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outside of bones. It helps with growth, repair, and nourishment of the bone.

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Medullary Cavity

The hollow space inside the shaft of a long bone. It contains bone marrow, which produces blood cells.

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Epiphyseal Plate

A layer of cartilage that allows for longitudinal growth of long bones. It's like the 'growth zone' of the bone.

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Epiphyseal Line

A line of bone that forms when the epiphyseal plate stops growing. It's a sign that bone growth is complete.

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Projections

Bony structures that extend outward from the bone surface. They provide sites for muscle attachment and joint formation.

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Depressions and Openings

Indentations, grooves, canals, and holes in the bone surface. They allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and tendons.

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Fibrous Joints

Immovable joints that are tightly connected by fibrous connective tissue. Examples include sutures in the skull.

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Cartilaginous Joints

Joints that allow for some movement but are primarily connected by cartilage. Examples include the joints between vertebrae.

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Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints that have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Examples include the knee and shoulder joints.

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Ligaments

Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone.

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Tendons

Tough, fibrous cords of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone.

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Synovial Fluid

A viscous fluid found in synovial joints that lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes cartilage.

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Hyaline Cartilage

A smooth, transparent cartilage found on the ends of bones, ribs, and nose. It provides a smooth surface for joints and reduces friction.

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Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between bones, tendons, and muscles.

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Sprain

An injury to a ligament, often caused by a sudden stretch or twist of a joint.

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Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

  • Axial Skeleton: Forms the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk.
  • Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises bones of the shoulders, pelvis, and upper and lower limbs.
  • Bone Types:
    • Compact Bone: Dense, strong outer layer of bones.
    • Spongy Bone: Porous inner layer, stores minerals and marrow.
    • Long Bones: Longer than wide (e.g., femur).
    • Short Bones: Cube-shaped (e.g., wrist and ankle bones).
    • Flat Bones: Thin, flattened, and usually curved (e.g., skull bones).
    • Irregular Bones: Complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones).
  • Long Bone Structure:
    • Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone.
    • Epiphysis: The end of a long bone.
    • Periosteum: Connective tissue covering the outer surface of the bone.
    • Medullary Cavity: Space within the diaphysis filled with bone marrow.
    • Epiphyseal Plate: Growth plate (present in growing bones); replaced by epiphyseal line in adults.
  • Bone Projections and Depressions:
    • Projections: Bone outgrowths (e.g., tuberosity, spine, trochanter, crest, head, facet, condyle, ramus).
    • Depressions and Openings: Bone indentations (e.g., fossa, foramen, meatus).
  • Joints:
    • Fibrous Joints: Immovable; connected by fibrous tissue (e.g., skull sutures).
    • Cartilaginous Joints: Slightly movable; connected by cartilage (e.g., vertebrae).
    • Synovial Joints: Freely movable; enclosed in a joint capsule.
      • Types of Synovial Joints: Ball and socket (shoulder and hip), hinge (elbow and knee), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (wrist), plane (intercarpal joints), saddle (carpometacarpal joint of thumb).
  • Supporting Tissues:
    • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone.
    • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone.
    • Synovial Fluid: Lubricates synovial joints.
    • Hyaline Cartilage: Covers ends of bones in synovial joints; important for smooth movement.
  • Bone Injuries and Diseases:
    • Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sac).
    • Sprain: Injury to a ligament.
    • Arthritis: Inflammation of joints.
      • Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease.
      • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disorder attacking joint cartilage.
      • Gout: Arthritis caused by uric acid buildup.
    • Osteoporosis: Bone loss leading to fragility.
    • Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency in children causing bone deformities.
    • Bone Fractures: Broken bones categorized by type (simple, compound, comminuted, compression, depressed, impacted, spiral, greenstick).

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Description

Explore the key components and structure of the skeletal system in this informative quiz. Gain insights into the axial and appendicular skeletons, different types of bones, and the detailed anatomy of long bones. Ideal for students studying human anatomy.

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