Anatomy of Vertebrae and Sternum
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Questions and Answers

Which of these structures is NOT found on the radius bone?

  • Foramen nutricium
  • Facies lateralis
  • Incisura trochlearis (correct)
  • Incisura radialis
  • Which of the following structures forms the lower wall of the inguinal canal?

  • Aponeurosis musculi obliquus externus abdominis
  • Fascia transversalis
  • Musculi obliquus internus abdominis et transversus abdominis
  • Ligamentum inguinale (correct)
  • What connects the bodies of vertebrae?

  • Disci intervertebrales (correct)
  • Ligamentum longitudinale anterius
  • Annulus fibrosus
  • Nucleus pulposus
  • Which ligament strengthens the arch of the foot?

    <p>Ligamentum plantare longum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these structures is NOT found on the scapula?

    <p>Tuberositas deltoideus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are found on the distal epiphysis of the radius?

    <p>Incisura radialis, facies articularis carpea (C), Incisura ulnaris, facies articularis carpea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones form the proximal row of the carpal bones?

    <p>Os triquetrum, os trapezium (B), Os scaphoideum, os lunatum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones comprise the distal row of the carpal bones?

    <p>Os trapezoideum, os capitatum (A), Os trapezium, os hamatum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is present in the os pubis?

    <p>Ramus inferior (A), Ramus superior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features can be found at the proximal end of the femur?

    <p>Caput femoris (B), Fovea capitis femoris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located at the upper wall of the inguinal canal?

    <p>Muscles of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal walls (B), Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms the lower wall of the inguinal canal?

    <p>Muscles of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal walls (A), Ligamentum inguinale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the contents of the canal adductorius?

    <p>Arteries and veins femoralis (A), Hiatus tendineus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is classified as polyaxial?

    <p>Articulatio coxae (A), Articulatio humeri (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are present on the distal end of the femur?

    <p>Lateral Condyle, Medial Condyle, Intercondylar Fossa, Patellar Surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are included in the talus structure?

    <p>Body, Neck, Talar Dome, Articular Facet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parts are associated with the os ilium?

    <p>Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key parts of the frontal bone?

    <p>Frontal Squama, Frontal Sinus, Nasal Part, Orbital part (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones comprise the structure of the ischium?

    <p>Ischial Spine, Ischial Tuberosity, Ramus, Body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which features can be found on the proximal end of the tibia?

    <p>Tibial Tuberosity, Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Intercondylar Eminence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes does NOT belong to the inferior nasal concha?

    <p>processus sphenoidalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anatomical formations is characteristic of the thoracic vertebras?

    <p>foveae costales (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts does NOT belong to the first cervical vertebra?

    <p>fovea costalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absent in the sternum?

    <p>incisurae articularis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is distinctive to cervical vertebras?

    <p>foramina processus transversalia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical formation is associated with the zygomatic bone?

    <p>zygomatic prominence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components does not belong to the anatomical structure of the mandible?

    <p>processus ethmoidalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is found on the tibia?

    <p>sulcus obturatorius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is associated with the fibula?

    <p>caput (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the temporal bone is not included in its canals?

    <p>medial petrosal canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT found in the proximal end of the humerus?

    <p>tuberculum conoideum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the part of the tarsal bones.

    <p>os calcaneus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the facial skull is categorized separately?

    <p>parietal bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the occipital bone?

    <p>clivus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is associated with the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>lig.stylomandibularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify a feature of the lumbar vertebra.

    <p>processus spinosus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a function of the sphenoid bone?

    <p>formation of the temporal fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is part of the ethmoid bone?

    <p>lamina cribrosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the sacrum?

    <p>cornu sacralis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Os Femur: Caput

    The rounded end of the femur bone that fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone.

    Os Femur: Crista intertrochanterica

    A ridge on the femur, running from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera.

    Os Femur: Linea Aspera

    A rough line on the posterior surface of the femur, providing attachment for muscles.

    Os Femur: Sulcus Popliteus

    A long, thin groove on the posterior surface of the femur, marking the path of the popliteal artery.

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    Os Coxae: Acetabulum

    The bony ring that forms the socket of the hip joint

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    What bones form the proximal row of carpal bones?

    The proximal row consists of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

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    What bones form the distal row of carpal bones?

    The distal row consists of trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

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    What are the key features of the os ilium?

    The os ilium is the largest bone of the pelvis, it has an iliac crest, iliac fossa, and iliac spine.

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    What are the key features of the os pubis?

    The os pubis is the anterior portion of the pelvis, it has a superior and inferior rami, and a pubic symphysis.

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    What are the key features of the os ischium?

    The os ischium is the posterior portion of the pelvis, it has a body, ischial spine, and ischial tuberosity.

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    What are the key features on the proximal end of the femur?

    The femur has a head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter on its proximal end.

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    What are the key features on the body of the femur?

    The body of the femur has a linea aspera, labium laterale, and labium mediale.

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    Incisura Ulnaris

    Located on the distal end of the radius, it articulates with the ulna and provides a smooth surface for wrist movement.

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    Processus Styloideus of the Radius

    The most prominent bony projection on the distal end of the radius, providing attachment points for ligaments and muscles.

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    Os Scaphoideum

    This bone is found in the proximal row of the carpal bones, located on the radial side of the wrist.

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    Os Pisiforme

    A small, pea-shaped bone located on the ulnar side of the wrist, forming the most medial bone in the proximal row.

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    Ramus Superior of Os Pubis

    The upper portion of the os pubis, connecting to the iliac bone.

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    Ramus Inferior of Os Pubis

    The lower portion of the os pubis, connecting to the ischium.

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    Corpus of Os Ischium

    The main body of the os ischium, attaching to the pubis and ramus.

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    Caput Femoris

    A prominent rounded projection on the proximal end of the femur, providing the main joint surface for the hip joint.

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    Fovea Capitis Femoris

    A small pit located on the caput femoris, serving as an attachment point for ligaments.

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    Hiatus Tendineus

    A small opening in the distal femur where the femoral artery and vein pass through.

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    What is the proximal end of the tibia?

    The upper part of the shin bone containing the tibial plateau, which articulates with the femur.

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    What is the malleolus medialis?

    The lower bony prominence of the tibia, located on the medial side of the ankle.

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    What is the sulcus nervi tibialis?

    The shallow groove on the posterior surface of the tibia, where the tibial nerve and vessels run.

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    What is the tuberositas tibiae?

    The bony prominence on the anterior surface of the tibia, where the patellar ligament attaches.

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    What is the distal end of the fibula?

    The lower end of the fibula, forming the lateral malleolus.

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    What is the malleolus lateralis?

    The prominent bony projection on the lateral side of the fibula, where the fibula articulates with the talus bone.

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    What is the articulation between the tibia and fibula?

    The articulation between the tibia and fibula.

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    What is the head of the fibula?

    A bony prominence located on the lateral aspect of the fibula, above the malleolus lateralis.

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    What is the fibular notch?

    A groove on the inferior surface of the fibula, where the fibula articulates with the talus bone.

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    Squamosus: What makes up the roof of the middle cranial fossa?

    The squamosus part of the temporal bone is located above the tympanic part and the petrous pyramid, forming a part of the lateral wall of the skull and the roof of the middle cranial fossa. It is also involved in the formation of the zygomatic arch.

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    Mastoid Process: What cone-shaped projection is behind the ear?

    The mastoid process is a cone-shaped projection located behind the ear. It serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments involved in head movement. It also contains air cells, which are interconnected cavities that contribute to hearing and balance.

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    Pyramid of the Temporal bone: Which surface contains the openings for the inner ear?

    The pyramid of the temporal bone is a complex structure housing the inner ear. It has multiple surfaces, including the anterior, posterior, and inferior surfaces. Each surface contains openings for various canals and foramina, allowing for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic drainage from the inner ear.

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    Petrous Pyramid: What part of the temporal bone shapes the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

    The petrous part of the temporal bone, shaped like a pyramid, contains vital structures like the inner ear, auditory ossicles, and facial nerve canal. It forms the floor of the middle cranial fossa and contributes to the lateral wall of the skull.

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    Facial Part of Skull: What forms the eyes, nose and mouth?

    The facial part of the skull is formed by the facial bones, which are responsible for your facial features. They provide support and structure for the eyes, nose, and mouth.

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    Zygomatic Bone: What forms the cheekbones?

    The zygomatic bone forms the cheekbones and contributes to the lateral wall of the skull. It joins with the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch, a bony structure supporting the cheek and providing attachment points for muscles involved in chewing.

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    Lacrimal Bone: What is the small bone that forms the medial wall of the eye socket?

    The lacrimal bone is a small, fragile bone responsible for forming the medial wall of the eye socket. It also participates in the formation of the tear duct, helping drain tears away from the eye.

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    Palatine Bone: What forms the roof of the mouth, floor of the nasal cavity, and part of the eye socket?

    The palatine bone contributes to the formation of the roof of the mouth, the floor of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the eye socket. The palatine process, along with the maxillary process from the maxillary bone, forms the hard palate, the bony roof of the mouth.

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    Inferior Nasal Concha: What creates air turbulence within the nasal cavity?

    The inferior nasal concha is a delicate bone located inside the nasal cavity, projecting from the lateral wall. It acts as a scroll-like structure, creating air turbulence within the nasal cavity, enhancing air filtration and warming.

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    Mandible: What is the largest and strongest bone of the face?

    The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face, forming the lower jaw. It's responsible for chewing, speech, and supporting the teeth. The mandible has several important processes, including the condylar process, coronoid process, and alveolar processes.

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    Study Notes

    Anatomical Structures and Differences

    • Vertebrae: Different types of vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) exhibit unique characteristics distinguishing them from one another. Key features used for differentiation include processes (transverse, accessorius, mamillaris), foramina (transversalia), and foveae costales (costal facets).

    Specific Vertebrae Differences

    • Cervical Vertebrae: Characteristic foramina in the transverse processes.

    • Thoracic Vertebrae: Possess foveae costales, crucial for rib articulation.

    • Lumbar Vertebrae: Distinctive processes including mamillaris and accessorius.

    First Cervical Vertebrae (Atlas)

    • Unique Features: The first cervical vertebra lacks a typical spinous process and has an anterior arch.

    Thoracic Vertebrae

    • Key Characteristics: Thoracic vertebrae have costal facets for rib articulation.

    Sternum

    • Key Feature: The sternum lacks incisurae articulares.

    Bones and Anatomical Features

    • Clavicle: Has a conoid tubercle and lacks a coracoid process.

    • Scapula: The glenoid cavity is positioned on its lateral angle.

    • Humerus: Features include the anatomical and surgical necks, as well as the greater and lesser tubercles, which are on the proximal epiphysis. Other notable features are the trochlea and capitulum on the distal epiphysis.

    • Radius and Ulna: The anatomical features on these bones differentiate them.

    • Ribs: Ribs possess a head, neck, and tubercle for articulation.

    • Os Temporale, Os Palatinum, Os Zygomaticum, Os Maxillae, etc.: The listed bones display specific foramina or processes that distinguish them.

    • Mandible: Features include the masseteric tuberosity and other anatomical specifics.

    • Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate: Tarsal bones with distinctive characteristics.

    • Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular/Cuneiforms: Tarsal bones with unique characteristics.

    • Os Coxae: This bone contains features crucial for articulation, including the acetabulum.

    • Os Femur: Features like the greater and lesser trochanters, and the head with the fovea capitis are specific to the structure.

    • Os Tibia and Fibula: The distal epiphysis of the tibia has anatomical features that distinguish it.

    • Cranium: Contains various bones that make up the skull.

    Joint Information

    • Temporomandibular Joint: Contains a articular disc.

    • Other joints: The questions describe the ligaments and structures within these joints.

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