Skeletal System Functions

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Questions and Answers

When is the closure of cranial bones generally complete?

  • At birth
  • After six months
  • After two months
  • At the age of one year (correct)

What is the function of sutures in the skull?

  • To support the facial bones
  • To provide protection to the brain
  • To allow molding of the skull during delivery (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature

Which suture is located between the parietal and occipital bones?

  • Squamous suture
  • Sagittal suture
  • Lambdoid suture (correct)
  • Coronal suture

How many bones make up the facial bones?

<p>14 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vomer bone?

<p>Forms the lower part of the nasal septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of ribs are there in the thoracic wall?

<p>12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ribs 11-12?

<p>Foalting ribs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in terms of organs?

<p>To provide a framework for the attachment of other organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the body's calcium ions are found in the bones?

<p>98 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is an example of a long bone?

<p>Femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is found in the shaft of a long bone?

<p>Compact bone tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

<p>Producing movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

<p>To form the long axis of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the carpals and tarsals?

<p>Short bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is an example of an irregular bone?

<p>Vertebrae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of compact bone tissue?

<p>To provide protection and support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone tissue is found at the ends of long bones?

<p>Cancellous bone tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>To break down bone matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity in the shaft of a long bone?

<p>Medullary cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the external surface of the epiphysis?

<p>Articular cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the skeleton in embryos?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

<p>To secure bone cells to underlying bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex bony structure in the body?

<p>Skull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the clavicle?

<p>To provide attachment sites for muscles of the thorax and shoulder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the scapula?

<p>Triangular and flat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint where the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula?

<p>Acromioclavicular joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the clavicle in regards to the ribs?

<p>To elevate the ribs for deep inspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fossa formed by the anterior surface of the scapula?

<p>Subscapular fossa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

<p>Shallow and oval (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

<p>Anterolaterally and slightly superiorly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clavicle in regards to the neurovascular bundle?

<p>To afford protection to the neurovascular bundle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of the distal end of the radius?

<p>Radial notch for head of ulna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are there in the wrist?

<p>8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary bones that fuse to form the hip bone?

<p>Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that articulates with the fibula and talus?

<p>Tibia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

<p>Patella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the tarsus?

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that has a medial and lateral condyle for articulation with the femoral condyle?

<p>Tibia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that has a head, neck, and shaft?

<p>Fibula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Skeletal System

Functions of Bone

  • Provides the framework for the attachment of other organs
  • Stores minerals (e.g., calcium ions, 98% of the body's calcium ions)
  • Produces blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)
  • Acts as a leverage system for muscle movement
  • Protects internal organs (e.g., heart, lungs, brain, spinal cord, and reproductive organs)

Components of the Skeletal System

  • Bones (skeleton)
  • Joints
  • Cartilages
  • Ligaments (connect bones to bones)
  • Tendons (connect bones to muscles)

Classification of Bones

According to Location

  • Axial Skeleton (long axis of the body, 80 bones, 3 major regions: skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax)
  • Appendicular Skeleton (bones of upper and lower extremities and girdles, 126 bones, 3 major regions: girdles, upper extremity, and lower extremity)

According to Shape

  • Long Bones (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius)
  • Short Bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals, and metacarpals)
  • Flat Bones (e.g., sternum, ribs, and scapula)
  • Irregular Bones (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis, and bones of the face)
  • Sesamoid Bones (e.g., patella)

Long Bones

  • Typically longer than wide
  • Have a shaft with heads at both ends
  • Contain mostly compact bone tissue
  • Examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius

Structure of Long Bones

  • Diaphysis (shaft)
  • Epiphysis (ends of the bone)
  • Periosteum (outside covering of the diaphysis)
  • Sharpey's fibers (secure periosteum to underlying bone)
  • Arteries (supply bone cells with nutrients)
  • Articular cartilage (covers the external surface of the epiphysis)
  • Medullary cavity (cavity of the shaft, contains yellow marrow or red marrow)

Cells Present in Bone

  • Osteogenic cells
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts

Changes in the Human Skeleton

  • In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage
  • During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone
  • Cartilage remains in isolated areas (e.g., bridge of the nose, parts of ribs, and joints)

Skull

  • Bony skeleton of the head
  • Most complex bony structure in the body
  • Begins to close one to two months after birth, but closure is not generally complete until the age of one year

Facial Bones

  • Provide the basic shape of the face
  • All are paired except vomer and mandible
  • Consist of about 14 bones
  • Examples: mandible, maxilla, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, and lacrimal bones

Bones of the Thoracic Wall

  • Includes: 12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

Appendicular Skeleton

  • Superior appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle and bones of the free part of the upper limb)
  • Pectoral girdle (consists of two bones: clavicle and scapula)
  • Scapula (shoulder blade)
  • Clavicle (collar bone)
  • Humerus (arm bone)
  • Radius and ulna (forearm bones)
  • Carpals (wrist bones)
  • Metacarpals (hand bones)
  • Phalanges (finger bones)

Bones of the Lower Limb

  • Pelvic girdle (hip bone)
  • Femur (thigh bone)
  • Patella (knee cap)
  • Tibia and fibula (leg bones)
  • Tarsals (ankle bones)
  • Metatarsals (foot bones)
  • Phalanges (toe bones)

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