Skeletal System Functions

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Questions and Answers

When is the closure of cranial bones generally complete?

At birth

After six months

After two months

At the age of one year (correct)

What is the function of sutures in the skull?

To support the facial bones

To provide protection to the brain

To allow molding of the skull during delivery (correct)

To regulate body temperature

Which suture is located between the parietal and occipital bones?

Squamous suture

Sagittal suture

Lambdoid suture (correct)

Coronal suture

How many bones make up the facial bones?

14 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vomer bone?

Forms the lower part of the nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of ribs are there in the thoracic wall?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ribs 11-12?

Foalting ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the skeletal system in terms of organs?

To provide a framework for the attachment of other organs Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the body's calcium ions are found in the bones?

98 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is an example of a long bone?

Femur Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is found in the shaft of a long bone?

Compact bone tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Producing movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

To form the long axis of the body Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the carpals and tarsals?

Short bones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is an example of an irregular bone?

Vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of compact bone tissue?

To provide protection and support Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone tissue is found at the ends of long bones?

Cancellous bone tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

To break down bone matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cavity in the shaft of a long bone?

Medullary cavity Signup and view all the answers

What covers the external surface of the epiphysis?

Articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the skeleton in embryos?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

To secure bone cells to underlying bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the most complex bony structure in the body?

Skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the clavicle?

To provide attachment sites for muscles of the thorax and shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the scapula?

Triangular and flat Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint where the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula?

Acromioclavicular joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the clavicle in regards to the ribs?

To elevate the ribs for deep inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fossa formed by the anterior surface of the scapula?

Subscapular fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Shallow and oval Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Anterolaterally and slightly superiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the clavicle in regards to the neurovascular bundle?

To afford protection to the neurovascular bundle Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of the distal end of the radius?

Radial notch for head of ulna Signup and view all the answers

How many carpal bones are there in the wrist?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary bones that fuse to form the hip bone?

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that articulates with the fibula and talus?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

Patella Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the tarsus?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that has a medial and lateral condyle for articulation with the femoral condyle?

Tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bone that has a head, neck, and shaft?

Fibula Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System

Functions of Bone

Provides the framework for the attachment of other organs
Stores minerals (e.g., calcium ions, 98% of the body's calcium ions)
Produces blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)
Acts as a leverage system for muscle movement
Protects internal organs (e.g., heart, lungs, brain, spinal cord, and reproductive organs)

Components of the Skeletal System

Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments (connect bones to bones)
Tendons (connect bones to muscles)

Classification of Bones

According to Location

Axial Skeleton (long axis of the body, 80 bones, 3 major regions: skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax)
Appendicular Skeleton (bones of upper and lower extremities and girdles, 126 bones, 3 major regions: girdles, upper extremity, and lower extremity)

According to Shape

Long Bones (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius)
Short Bones (e.g., carpals, tarsals, and metacarpals)
Flat Bones (e.g., sternum, ribs, and scapula)
Irregular Bones (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis, and bones of the face)
Sesamoid Bones (e.g., patella)

Long Bones

Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone tissue
Examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius

Structure of Long Bones

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends of the bone)
Periosteum (outside covering of the diaphysis)
Sharpey's fibers (secure periosteum to underlying bone)
Arteries (supply bone cells with nutrients)
Articular cartilage (covers the external surface of the epiphysis)
Medullary cavity (cavity of the shaft, contains yellow marrow or red marrow)

Cells Present in Bone

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Changes in the Human Skeleton

In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage
During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone
Cartilage remains in isolated areas (e.g., bridge of the nose, parts of ribs, and joints)

Skull

Bony skeleton of the head
Most complex bony structure in the body
Begins to close one to two months after birth, but closure is not generally complete until the age of one year

Facial Bones

Provide the basic shape of the face
All are paired except vomer and mandible
Consist of about 14 bones
Examples: mandible, maxilla, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, and lacrimal bones

Bones of the Thoracic Wall

Includes: 12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

Appendicular Skeleton

Superior appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle and bones of the free part of the upper limb)
Pectoral girdle (consists of two bones: clavicle and scapula)
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Clavicle (collar bone)
Humerus (arm bone)
Radius and ulna (forearm bones)
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (hand bones)
Phalanges (finger bones)

Bones of the Lower Limb

Pelvic girdle (hip bone)
Femur (thigh bone)
Patella (knee cap)
Tibia and fibula (leg bones)
Tarsals (ankle bones)
Metatarsals (foot bones)
Phalanges (toe bones)

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Description

Learn about the important functions of the bones in the skeletal system, including support, storage, blood cell production, leverage, and protection. Understand the role of bones in the human body.