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Questions and Answers
Which bone forms the forehead and part of the eye sockets?
Which bone forms the forehead and part of the eye sockets?
What is the zygomatic process mainly associated with?
What is the zygomatic process mainly associated with?
Which process on the temporal bone helps in neck muscle attachment?
Which process on the temporal bone helps in neck muscle attachment?
The lambdoid suture is mainly formed by which bones?
The lambdoid suture is mainly formed by which bones?
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Which bone is responsible for forming the top and sides of the head?
Which bone is responsible for forming the top and sides of the head?
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The sagittal suture is primarily between which bones in the skull?
The sagittal suture is primarily between which bones in the skull?
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Which bone forms the anterior part of the skull and articulates with the Parietal Bone at the Coronal Suture?
Which bone forms the anterior part of the skull and articulates with the Parietal Bone at the Coronal Suture?
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In the context of the skull's bone markings, which bone contains the zygomatic process?
In the context of the skull's bone markings, which bone contains the zygomatic process?
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Which bone can be identified by its mastoid process?
Which bone can be identified by its mastoid process?
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Which bone is composed of two sets of paired bones, except for the parietal and temporal bones?
Which bone is composed of two sets of paired bones, except for the parietal and temporal bones?
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Where are the lacunae, cavities that contain osteocytes, found in bones?
Where are the lacunae, cavities that contain osteocytes, found in bones?
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Which division of the skeletal system includes the Skull and its components?
Which division of the skeletal system includes the Skull and its components?
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What is the function of the periosteum in bones?
What is the function of the periosteum in bones?
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Which bone tissue causes long bones to grow lengthwise?
Which bone tissue causes long bones to grow lengthwise?
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What is the function of Sharpey's fibers in bones?
What is the function of Sharpey's fibers in bones?
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Which part of the bone contains yellow marrow in adults?
Which part of the bone contains yellow marrow in adults?
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How do epiphyseal plates contribute to bone growth during childhood?
How do epiphyseal plates contribute to bone growth during childhood?
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What is the main role of the epiphyses in long bones?
What is the main role of the epiphyses in long bones?
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Study Notes
Bone Microanatomy
- Lacunae: cavities that contain osteocytes (bone cells), arranged in concentric rings
- Lamellae: rings around the central canal, where lacunae are found
- Canaliculi: tiny canals that radiate from the central canal to lacunae, transport nutrients to bone cells
Osteon (Haversian System)
- A "unit" of bone
- Central (Haversian) canal: opening in the center of osteon, contains blood vessels
- Perforating (Volkman's) canal: perpendicular to the central canal, contains blood vessels and nerves
Divisions of the Skeletal System
- Axial skeleton: includes skull bones, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
- Appendicular skeleton: includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, and bones forming the shoulder and pelvic girdles
Skull
- Formed by two sets of bones: cranium and facial bones
- Cranium: consists of 8 large flat bones, including frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
- Frontal bone: forms the anterior part of the skull, articulates with parietal bone at the coronal suture
Structure of Bones
- Diaphysis: shaft of long bone, made of compact bone
- Epiphyses: ends of long bone, made of compact bone surrounding spongy bone, covered with articular cartilage
- Epiphyseal line: line of bone tissue that looks different from the rest of the bone, remnant of epiphyseal plate
- Periosteum: outer covering of shaft, like "skin" on chicken bone
- Sharpey's fibers: attach periosteum to bone
- Arteries: supply nutrients to bone cells
- Medullary cavity: large cavity within the diaphysis, contains yellow marrow (adipose) in adults, contains red marrow in infants (for blood cell formation)
Bone Formation
- Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood
- New cartilage is continuously formed, older cartilage becomes ossified, and bone replaces cartilage
- Bones are remodeled, lengthened until growth stops, and change shape somewhat
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support: serves as the structural framework for the body, supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for tendons of most skeletal muscles
- Protection: protects the most important internal organs from injury
- Movement: most skeletal muscles attach to bones, when they contract, they pull on bones to produce movement
- Storage: bone tissue stores several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, which contribute to the strength of bone
- Blood cell formation: within certain bones, a connective tissue called red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a process called hemopoiesis
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Description
Learn about the divisions of the skeletal system in human anatomy and physiology, including the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. Explore the different bones that make up the 206 named bones in the human skeleton.
