Skeletal System Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What terminology should one become familiar with regarding common bone markings?

Common bone markings

What are the main differences between the functions and composition of the axial and appendicular skeletons?

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum, while the appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles.

How can one distinguish between cranial and facial bones?

Cranial bones form the cranium, while facial bones make up the face.

What are the locations of cranial and facial bones in various views of the skull?

Cranial bones are located at the top and sides of the skull, while facial bones are found at the front. Signup and view all the answers

What key bone markings and features should one learn for the bones of the cranium?

Key bone markings include various protrusions and indentations specific to each bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three cranial fossae and their locations?

Anterior cranial fossa (above eyes), middle cranial fossa (supports temporal lobes), posterior cranial fossa (supports cerebellum). Signup and view all the answers

What are the locations of the sutures between the cranial bones?

Coronal suture (frontal to parietal), sagittal suture (between parietal bones), lambdoid suture (parietal to occipital), squamous suture (parietal to temporal). Signup and view all the answers

What is the location and function of the paranasal sinuses?

Located around the nasal cavity, they lighten the head, humidify air, increase speech resonance, and protect vital structures. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles located?

Inside the middle ear, connecting to the eardrum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure and function of the hyoid bone?

A U-shaped bone at the root of the tongue, serving as an attachment for the tongue and muscles in the oral cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

Protection of the spinal cord, structural support, attachment for girdles and muscles, and weight transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five types of vertebrae?

Cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four spinal curvatures of an adult vertebral column?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal curves. Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of a typical vertebra?

A vertebral arch and seven processes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of vertebrae?

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), coccyx (3-5 fused). Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of the sternum?

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process. Signup and view all the answers

What features are found on all ribs?

Head, neck, and body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between true ribs and false ribs?

True ribs attach directly to the sternum, while false ribs do not. Signup and view all the answers

What skeletal features are common to the upper and lower limbs?

Upper, middle, and distal segments. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Bone Markings and Terminology

Familiarity with common bone markings is essential for understanding anatomy.

Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton

Axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum as the central axis.
Appendicular skeleton comprises the limbs and girdles that connect them.

Cranial vs. Facial Bones

Cranial bones form the cranium, protecting the brain.
Facial bones comprise the structure of the face.

Cranial and Facial Bone Locations

Understanding the positions and relationships of cranial and facial bones aids in studying skull anatomy.

Bone Markings in the Cranium

Learn specific markings and features associated with each cranial bone.

Cranial Fossae

Anterior Cranial Fossa: Located above the eyes, supports frontal lobes.
Middle Cranial Fossa: Supports temporal lobes and houses the pituitary gland.
Posterior Cranial Fossa: Supports the cerebellum and contains the foramen magnum.

Sutures of the Skull

Coronal suture: Connects frontal and parietal bones.
Sagittal suture: Joins left and right parietal bones.
Lambdoid suture: Connects parietal and occipital bones.
Squamous suture: Joins parietal and temporal bones.

Paranasal Sinuses

Located around the nasal cavity, functions include lightening head weight, humidifying air, and enhancing speech resonance.

Auditory Ossicles

Identifying the tiny bones in the middle ear contributes to understanding hearing mechanisms.

Hyoid Bone

U-shaped bone located at the root of the tongue, crucial for tongue and oral cavity muscle attachments.

Functions of the Vertebral Column

Protects the spinal cord, supports body structure, and connects muscular systems.
Transmits body weight during movement.

Types of Vertebrae

Five vertebrae types: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.

Spinal Curvatures

Four key adult curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrococcygeal.

Components of a Typical Vertebra

Contains a vertebral arch, with seven processes and a vertebral foramen to encase the spinal cord.

Comparison of Vertebrae Types

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5 fused), and Coccyx (3-5 fused).

Sternum Components

Manubrium: Superior, trapezoid-shaped.
Body: Flat, elongated, largest segment.
Xiphoid process: Smallest, inferior part.

Rib Features

Ribs have a head, neck, and body as common features.

True vs. False Ribs

True ribs: First seven ribs connecting directly to the sternum.
False ribs: Last five ribs not directly attached to the sternum.

Skeletal Features of Limbs

Upper and lower limb skeletons consist of upper, middle, and distal segments.

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