Sjögren Syndrome

Sjögren's Syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the body's immune system attacking and damaging the moisture-producing glands, primarily the salivary and lacrimal glands.

The most prominent feature of Sjögren's Syndrome is the lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness.

Sjögren's Syndrome is typically diagnosed between the ages of 40 and 50, making it a disease more commonly seen in middle-aged individuals.

Sjögren's Syndrome is significantly more prevalent in women than in men, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 9:1.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly known as dry eye, is a hallmark symptom of Sjögren's Syndrome, causing discomfort and vision issues.

Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome occurs when Sjögren's Syndrome coexists with other autoimmune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are common autoimmune diseases that are often found in patients with secondary Sjögren's Syndrome.

The Schirmer tear test is a standard diagnostic tool used to assess the dryness of the eyes, a key symptom in Sjögren's Syndrome.

A salivary gland biopsy reveals lymphocytic infiltration, a characteristic histological finding confirming the diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome.

The Anti-Ro antibody, also known as SSA, is found in approximately 70% of Sjögren's Syndrome patients, making it a common serological marker.

Hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid gland, is not a typical symptom of Sjögren's Syndrome. It typically affects moisture-producing glands, not the thyroid.

A 24-hour urine collection is a standard test used to evaluate renal involvement in Sjögren's Syndrome, as the disease can affect the kidneys.

Hypromellose is an artificial tear substitute used to manage the dry eye symptom in Sjögren's Syndrome, providing lubrication and relief.

Cardiac arrhythmias are not a common extra-glandular manifestation. Sjögren's primarily affects glands and connective tissues.

A confirmed diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome is achieved through a combination of clinical symptoms, serological tests and a lip or salivary gland biopsy, considered the gold standard.

Chronic cough is a common symptom associated with interstitial lung disease, a potential complication of Sjögren's Syndrome.

The risk of lymphoma in Sjögren's Syndrome stems from the chronic inflammation and lymphocytic infiltration present in the disease, increasing the likelihood of malignancy.

The Saxon test, also known as the modified Schirmer test, helps evaluate the severity of dry eye symptoms, a common issue in Sjögren's Syndrome.

Vaginal lubricants are specifically used to address the vaginal dryness associated with Sjögren's Syndrome, providing comfort and relief.

Approximately 90% of patients with Sjögren's Syndrome exhibit positive results in the antinuclear antibody (ANA) serology test, making it a strong indicator.

The exocrine glands, responsible for producing fluids and secretions like saliva and tears, are the primary targets of the immune system in Sjögren's Syndrome.