Questions and Answers
Which civilization is associated with Mesopotamia?
What is the time frame associated with the Nile River Valley?
3200 BCE
Which two cities are the first known in the Indus River Valley?
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
When did the Huang He & Wei Valleys develop?
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In which region did the Olmec civilization build cities?
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What is the notable feature of the largest settlement built by Chavín?
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Study Notes
Urban Hearths Overview
- Mesopotamia is recognized as the first urban hearth, emerging around 3500 BCE in the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
- Features social inequality with a priest-king class living in palaces, and cities were fortified with mud walls and dense housing.
Nile River Valley
- The second urban hearth developed around 3200 BCE, characterized by significant urbanization and irrigation practices.
- Notable constructions include pyramids, tombs, and the Sphinx, emphasizing the region's importance in ancient civilization.
Indus River Valley
- The third hearth arose around 2200 BCE with the establishment of the first cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
- Urban planning exhibited sophisticated infrastructure, including equal housing standards and robust city walls, indicating advanced civic organization.
Huang He & Wei Valleys
- The fourth hearth, emerging around 1500 BCE, featured cities with a central vertical structure guarded by an inner wall, housing temples and palaces for the ruling class.
- The Great Wall of China began construction in 200 BCE under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, reflecting its strategic defense purposes.
Mesoamerica
- The fifth urban hearth dated back to 1100 BCE, where ancient cities primarily served as religious centers.
- The Olmec civilization constructed cities along Mexico's Gulf Coast, known for large stone monuments, while the Maya built cities centered on religious temples.
Peru
- The sixth urban hearth consists of ancient cities built by the Chavín civilization around 900 BCE, with the largest settlement located at 10,530 feet in the Andean highlands.
- This high-altitude settlement showcases the adaptability and ingenuity of early Andean cultures.
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Description
Explore the six major urban hearths with these flashcards. Learn about the key features, timelines, and geographical locations of each hearth, including Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, and the Indus River Valley. Perfect for students of urban geography and history.
